E-Governance

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E-Governance in India
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What is E-Governance

• Due to the rapid rise of the internet and
  digitization, Governments all over the world are
  initiating steps to involve IT in all
  governmental processes.
• This is the concept of e-government. This is to
  ensure that the Govt. administration becomes a
  swifter and more transparent process.
• It also helps saves huge costs.

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What is E-Governance

• E-Governance stands for Electronic Governance or
  Digital Governance.
• It is the application of both Information and
  Communication Technology (ICT) for
  providing government services.
• It also includes interchange of statics,
  communication proceedings, integration of various
  independent systems and services.

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Concept of e-Governance

• E governance has gained more popularity in
  convoluted business world.
• Many management scholars have described the
  concept of e governance which is emerging as an
  important activity in the business field.

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Concept of e-Governance

• It is established that E-governance is the
  application of information and communication
  technologies to transform the efficiency,
  effectiveness, transparency and accountability of
  informational and transactional exchanges with in
  government, between government govt. agencies
  of National, State, Municipal and Local levels,
  citizen businesses, and to empower citizens
  through access use of information.

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Types of E-Governance

• Government-to-Citizen (G2C)
• Government-to-business (G2B)
• Government-to-Government (G2G)
• Government-to-Employee (G2E)

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Types of E-Governance

• Government to Citizen (G2C) The primary aim of
  Government-to-citizen is to supply facilities to
  the citizens. It also helps the ordinary people
  to minimize the time and cost to carry out a
  transaction. A citizen can retrieve the
  facilities anytime from anywhere.
• Government-to-business (G2B) The
  Government-to-business is the interchange of
  services between Government and Business firms.
  It is productive for both government and business
  firms. G2B provides access to pertinent forms
  needed to observe. It also contains many services
  interchanged between business sectors and
  government.

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Types of E-Governance

• Government-to-Government (G2G) The
  Government-to-Government mentions the interaction
  between different government departments, firms
  and agencies.
• This increases the efficiency of government
  processes. In G2G, government agencies can share
  the same database using online communication.
• The government departments can work together.
• This service can increase international
  discretion and relations.

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Types of E-Governance

• Government-to-Employee (G2E) The
  Government-to-Employee is the internal part of
  G2G section.
• It aims to bring employees together and improvise
  knowledge sharing.
• It provides online facilities to the employees.  
• Similarly, applying for leave, reviewing salary
  payment record and checking the balance of
  holiday.
• The G2E sector yields human resource training and
  development.

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Benefits for E-Governance

• Cost reductions and revenue growth
• Increased legitimacy of government
• Flattens organizational structure (less
  hierarchic)
• Reduces paperwork and red-tapism in the
  administrative process which results in better
  planning and coordination between different
  levels of government

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Benefits for E-Governance

• Improves delivery and efficiency of government
  services
• Improved government interactions with business
  and industry
• Citizen empowerment through access to information
• More efficient government management
• Less corruption in the administration

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effect of e-Governance

• Presence This is a simple stage classified for
  providing the website's nature, sometimes as a
  Brochure ware.
• Interaction This stage offers simple interaction
  between the Government and Citizens, Business,
  Employees, and Government. It also implies G2B,
  G2C, G2G, G2E.

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effect of e-Governance

• Transaction This stage refers to the trade for
  paying license renewals and taxes or fees and
  submitting a procurement contract.
• Transformation This high stage means the idea of
  Governance which involves the reinvention of the
  Government's functions.

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Objective of E-Governance

• The two main objectives of E governance are ,
• Its to restore the democracy to its true meaning
  with the help of improvisation of the
  participation of the citizen in the governing
  process by giving feedback and access to
  information and overall participation of the
  citizen in the decision making.
• It enables the people to know the policies of the
  government.

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Stages of e-Governance

• Computerization In the first stage, with the
  availability of personal computers, majority of
  Government offices are well equipped with
  computers. The use of computers began with word
  processing, quickly followed by data processing.
• Networking In this stage, some units of a few
  government organizations are connected through a
  hub leading to sharing of information and flow of
  data between different government entities.

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Stages of e-Governance

• On-line presence In the third stage, with
  increasing internet connectivity, a need was felt
  for maintaining a presence on the web. This
  resulted in maintenance of websites by government
  departments and other entities. Generally, these
  web-pages/ web-sites contained information about
  the organizational structure, contact details,
  reports and publications, objectives and vision
  statements of the respective government entities.

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Stages of e-Governance

• Online interactivity A natural significance of
  on-line presence was opening up of communication
  channels between government entities and the
  citizens, civil society organizations etc. The
  main objective of this stage was to lessen the
  scope of personal interface with government
  entities by providing downloadable Forms,
  Instructions, Acts, Rules.

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Challenges in e-governance

• Challenges identified as
• Trust,
• Resistance to change.
• Privacy and security concerns
• Unequal access to the computer technology by the
  citizen,
• High initial cost for setting up the e government
  solutions and resistance to change.

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