Landfill leachate as a source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons PAHs to Malaysian waters

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Landfill leachate as a source of polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to Malaysian waters
Kho Hiaw Geik, M. Pauzi ZAKARIA, W. Y. Lee, R.
Hayet
Marine Science Laboratory (MARSLAB) , Universiti
Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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OUTLINE

• Introduction to Malaysia
• Waste generation in Malaysia
• What is PAHs?
• Study Location
• Analytical Procedure
• Results and Discussion
• Conclusions and future directions

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EQUATOR
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OUTLINE

• Introduction to Malaysia
• Waste generation in Malaysia
• What is PAHs?
• Study Location
• Analytical Procedure
• Results and Discussion
• Conclusions and future directions

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Waste Generation in Kuala Lumpur
Million kg/day
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OUTLINE

• Introduction to Malaysia
• Waste generation in Malaysia
• What is PAHs?
• Study Location
• Analytical Procedure
• Results and Discussion
• Conclusions and future directions

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Polycylic Aromatic Hydrocarbons(PAHs)

• Hydrocarbons containing two or more fused benzene
  rings
• Ubiquitous in the marine environment
• Sources of PAHs
• Pyrogenic combustion products of
• petroleum, oil, coal wood
• Petrogenic input of petroleum
• petroleum products

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Molecular Structures of PAHs Analyzed in This
Study
Phenanthrene
Anthrancene
Methylphenanthrene
Fluoranthene
Pyrene
Benzaanthracene
Chrysene
Benzob,kfluoranthene
Benzoepyrene
Benzoapyrene
Perylene
Indeno1,2,2-cdpyrene
Benzoghiperylene
Coronene
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Why focus on PAHs?

• PAHs is one of the major pollutants in marine
  environment.
• Low molecular weight (LMW) PAHs results in acute
  toxicity while High molecular weight (HMW) PAHs
  results in chronic toxicity and may be
  carcinogenic and mutagenic.
• PAHs have been recently implicated to disrupt
  endocrine systems.
• Therefore, PAHs has special human health
  implications. Demonstrating the status of
  petroleum pollution at the compound-specific
  levels and the understanding of their sources and
  transport pathways is very important.

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PAHs?
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OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
To investigate the distribution of polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the landfill
leachates and their impacts to Malaysian waters
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OUTLINE

• Introduction to Malaysia
• Waste generation in Malaysia
• What is PAHs?
• Study Location
• Analytical Procedure
• Results and Discussion
• Conclusions and future directions

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Study Locations
Kuala Pilah
0o
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Groundwater sampling through boreholes
constructed in the landfill site
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Borehole
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Leachate Sampling
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Measuring water flow
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(No Transcript)
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upstream
GW7
GW6
GW8
leachate1
GW9
leachate2
leachate3
GW5
GW4
Sampling locations in Taman Beringin Landfill
Site, Malaysia
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OUTLINE

• Introduction to Malaysia
• Waste generation in Malaysia
• What is PAHs?
• Study Location
• Analytical Procedure
• Results and Discussion
• Conclusions and future directions

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Analytical Procedure
Water sample
Sediment Sample
Filtration
Filtrate
Filter
Liquid-liquid Extraction
Soxhlet Extraction
Organic Phase
Surrogate
5 H2O deactivated silica gel column
chromatography

Fully activated silica gel column chromatography
25DCM in Hex 20mL
GC/MS SIM
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OUTLINE

• Introduction to Malaysia
• Waste generation in Malaysia
• What is PAHs?
• Study Location
• Analytical Procedure
• Results and Discussion
• Conclusions and future directions

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Table. PAHs concentrations of samples near Lembah
Beringin landfill site
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Mass balance of water at Taman Beringin Landfill
Site
upstream
Water Flux 76000m3
PAH Concn, 4996 x 103 ng/L
river
leachate 3
Water Flux 180m3
PAH Concn, 756 x 103 ng/L
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Mass balance of PAH Taman Beringin Landfill Site
upstream
PAH Flux 380 g/day
river
leachate 3
PAH Flux 136 g/day
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OUTLINE

• Introduction to Malaysia
• Waste generation in Malaysia
• What is PAHs?
• Study Location
• Analytical Procedure
• Results and Discussion
• Conclusions and future directions

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Conclusion
Very high concentrations of PAH (9.9 to 575.6
ng/L) were detected in the leachate samples from
2 landfill sites in Malaysia. These
concentrations were one to two orders of
magnitude higher than those reported in
sedimentary environments in Malaysia ( 50 ng/L).
These PAH compounds are presumably leached from
solid waste which has used crankcase oil mixed in
from illegal dumpings of domestic and industrial
activities.
Our river water and groundwater monitoring
together with the analysis of the leachate
demonstrated that the leachate is significantly
impacting on the surrounding aquatic
environments.
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Further questions to be addressed

• Biological effects?
• The area and range affected by the leachate
  chemicals?
• When the chemical pollution by the leachate
  started? Increasing or decreasing?