OA Publishing

1
OA Publishing

• The impact of OA on institutional pricing and
  licensing

2
Overview

• Impact
• Institutional pricing
• Licensing
• Single titles
• Big deal
• Aggregators

• Types of OA
• Delayed OA
• Optional OA
• Full OA
• Business models and pricing
• Author-side fees
• Institutional memberships
• Third party support

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Types of OA
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Types of OA

• Delayed OA
• Journals offering original research articles
  under subscription access controls upon
  publication but making articles freely and
  publicly available after a period of time.
• Archive may be a one-time purchase, subscription,
  or OA
• Optional OA
• Journals offering original research articles
  under subscription access controls unless author
  or institution has paid fee to ensure that
  article is freely and publicly available on
  publication.
• Optional Open Access journals may also be Delayed
  OA journals.
• Full OA
• Journals making original research articles freely
  and publicly available immediately on
  publication.

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Delayed OA

• Participating (mostly)

• Non-participating (mostly)

• HighWire Press hosted journals
• Toll free linking
• OA (recent) archive
• Society journals
• University press journals

• Commercial publishers
• Aggregators
• Represents thousands of journals, so awareness /
  impact reduced overall

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Optional OA

• Participating (mostly)
• Commercial publishers
• Mixed participation
• University Presses
• Society publishers
• Non-participating
• Aggregators
• Permissions policies, deposit in OA repository go
  hand-in-hand

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Full OA

• Commercial publishers
• BMC
• Industry-supported
• Society publishers
• Member supported
• Other nonprofit
• PLoS
• University press/Harvard
• Academic department

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Business models and pricing
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Revenue sources

• Dues and subscriptions
• Society membership
• Institutional membership
• Subscriptions (to non-OA content)
• Third party underwriting
• Industry ads, sponsorships, grants
• Foundation grants
• Government support
• Volunteer labor
• Society publishers
• Academic departments

• Author-side fees
• Submission fees
• Page charges
• Color charges
• Article processing charges ? OA
• Funding agencies
• Institutional memberships

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Funding agencies

• 35 funders have confirmed that they are willing
  to fund article processing charges
• 28 funders have an official policy in support of
  open access
• 25 of these funder policies encourage or in some
  cases require funding recipients to deposit
  resulting research articles in an open access
  repository

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Funding agencies willing to pay article
processing fees

• International Human Frontier Science Program
  Organization (International)
• Israel Science Foundation (Israel)
• Max Planck Society (Germany)
• Medical Research Council (UK)
• National Health Service (UK)
• National Institutes of Health (US)
• National Science Foundation (US)
• Natural Environment Research Council (UK)
• Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk
  Onderzoek (Netherlands)
• Rockefeller Foundation (US)
• South African Medical Research Council (South
  Africa)
• Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research
  (Sweden)
• Swedish Research Council (Sweden)
• Swiss National Science Foundation (Switzerland)
• Wellcome Trust (UK)

• Academy of Finland (Finland)
• BIOTEC (Thailand)
• California Institute for Regenerative Medicine
  (US)
• Canadian Institutes of Health Research (Canada)
• Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
  (France)
• Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas
  (Spain)
• Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (Italy)
• Danmarks Grundforskningsfond (Denmark)
• Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Germany)
• FAPESP (Brazil)
• Fondazione Telethon (Italy)
• Fonds zur Forderung der wissenschaftlichen
  Forschung (Austria)
• Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (Belgium)
• Health Research Board (Ireland)
• Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
• Indian Council of Medical Research (India)
• INSERM (France)

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Author-side fees sampler

• Full OA

• Optional OA

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PLoS institutional membership

• PLoS institutional members pay annual fee, at
  chosen level
• Entitles affiliated scientists to reduced charges
  for publication in flagship and community PLoS
  journals
• Provides libraries with access to institutional
  usage reports for all PLoS publications
• Lists member institutions on the PLoS web site
  Members page, with list of articles published in
  journals by affiliated authors
• Other PLoS memberships
• Research funding agencies on behalf of
  investigators, grantees
• Consortial memberships
• Negotiated on case-by-case basis.

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Market response to PLoS institutional membership

• 100 colleges and universities
• Harvard
• Yale
• University of Amsterdam
• Kalamazoo College.
• http//www.plos.org/support/instmembers.html
• Open Society Institute pays for PLoS
  institutional memberships on behalf of
  universities and other organizations in 44
  developing countries

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BMC institutional membership

• Prepay Membership
• Customers pay upfront for articles published by
  their authorized users to be processed and
  published.
• On publication, full article processing charge
  for journal minus discount that applies is
  deducted from account. The higher the amount
  paid in advance, the greater the discount given.
• Postpay Membership
• Scientific and medical societies and groups are
  invoiced in arrears for papers authored by their
  members that have been published in journals
  since last invoice date.
• Invoice schedules are set on a monthly or
  quarterly cycle.
• Supporters Membership
• Flat rate annual membership fee based on the
  number of science and medical researchers and
  graduate students at institution.
• Members of the institution are then given a 15
  discount on the article processing charge when
  publishing in our journals.
• Market response
• 321 members, 33 countries
• http//www.biomedcentral.com/info/about/membership
  

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OUP

• Institutional rebates
• To be presented this afternoon

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Impact of OA on institutional pricing and
licensing
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What is the impact of OA on institutional pricing
and licensing?

• It depends!

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Institutional pricing

• Agents alert libraries to Full OA journals no
  incentive to do more
• Librarians not (yet?) devoting energies to
  determining percentage of Optional and Delayed OA
• Librarians can imagine time when they will wonder
  why they have to pay so much for so little
  content
• Publishers asking for societies for guarantees on
  behalf of library customers that purchased
  archive will not be OA for, say, 20 years
• Societies questioning whether institutional rates
  need to be lowered if add Optional or mandatory OA

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Balancing institutional rates and OA fees
Recommendation margin management!

• Journal revenues historical reliance on
  multiple revenue streams

• Journal costs focus on cost containment and
  efficiency

• Member allocation
• Institutional subscriptions
• PPV
• Author-side fees
• Submission fees
• Page charges
• Processing charges
• Publication fees
• Color
• Data supplement
• Institutional memberships
• Language polishing
• Rights and permissions
• Industry government support
• Other

• Peer review
• Lower cost ms mgmt systems
• Journal franchises (multiple journal submissions,
  shared reviews)
• Printing
• Opt in / opt out
• Unbundled / no print
• Online platform
• Commodification
• Sales and marketing
• Institutions / consortia
• Author-side fee mgmt systems
• Outsourcing and offshoring

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Aggregator licensing

• Depends on
• Value of new content
• Amount of OA
• Embargo-Delayed OA squeeze

• ProQuest
• Negotiating lower royalty rates for Delayed OA or
  significant proportion of Optional OA
• Ovid
• Not known to negotiate lower royalty rates for
  Delayed or Optional OA

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QAThank you!

• Cara S. Kaufman
• Partner, Kaufman-Wills Group
• 410 821 8035
• cara_at_kaufmanwills.com