U'S' GCOS Program Update Atmospheric Domain OCO Annual System Review Workshop April 14, 2004

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U.S. GCOS Program UpdateAtmospheric Domain OCO
Annual System Review WorkshopApril 14, 2004

• Howard Diamond
• NESDIS/NCDC, Silver Spring, Maryland
• U.S. GCOS Program Manager

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Agenda

• Background of U.S. GCOS Program Office
• Review of GCOS Atmospheric Networks
• International Activity Support
• Regional and Bi-Lateral Activity Support
• Funding and Budget Planning for GCOS
• FY03 Accomplishments
• FY04 Plans
• Planning for FY05 and Beyond
• Pacific Island Region GCOS
• NOAA PRIDE Initiative
• Contact Information

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Background of U.S. GCOS Program Office

• NOAA Participation Since the Inception of GCOS in
  1991
• NCDC Participation and Support of GCOS Science
  Panels
• U.S. GCOS Program Manager and National Focal
  Point Established by NOAA/NESDIS in November
  1999 Coordination role to complement NCDC data
  activities
• Informal U.S. GCOS Coordination Group Established
  in January 2000 Primary Goal Production of U.S.
  GCOS Report
• National U.S. GCOS Report Produced in August 2001
• Participation in a Wide-Range of Global,
  Regional, National, and NOAA Climate Observing
  Activities (e.g., WMO CCL, Pacific Island Region,
  U.S. Bi-Laterals, CCSPO/USGCRP, CCRI, PPBES,
  NOSC, etc.)
• U.S.GCOS Program Manager Transferred from NESDIS
  HQ to NCDC in December 2003 to Better Align
  w/Climate Activities
• Close Relationship with Office of Climate
  Observations at OGP (e.g., Mike Johnson and
  company)

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GCOS OBSERVING NETWORKS

• ATMOSPHERIC OBSERVATIONS (AOPC, in Cooperation
  with WMO)
• GCOS Surface Network (GSN)
• GCOS Upper-Air Network (GUAN)
• Global Atmosphere Watch
• Atmospheric Brown Cloud (ABC)
• Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) To be
  endorsed by GCOS SC-XII in March 2004

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GCOS Surface Network (GSN)
981 Stations
GCOS Secretariat 26 May 1999
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GSN Performance Monitoring
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http//www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sevlets/gsn
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GCOS Upper Air Network (GUAN)
152 Stations
GCOS Secretariat 21 April 1999
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GUAN Performance Monitoring
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(No Transcript)
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Latest CO2 Monitoring Curve from Mauna Loa
March 2004 NOAA/CMDL
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ESTIMATED GLOBAL OZONESONDE NETWORK 2003
Stations with data submitted since at least 1
Jan 1999
Compliments of WOUDC, Toronto Ed Hare Manager.
Note that this map changes constantly as data is
submitted to the data centre. Suggestions to
correct any omissions are welcome by GAW. The
red symbols represent sites of contributing
partner NASA/SHADOZ.
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ESTIMATED GLOBAL COLUMN OZONE NETWORK 2003
Stations with data submitted since at least 1
Jan 1999
Compliments of WOUDC, Toronto Ed Hare Manager.
Note that this map changes constantly as data is
submitted to the data centre. Suggestions to
correct any omissions are welcome by GAW. The
symbols represent different instrument types.
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Atmospheric Brown Cloud (ABC)

• Overarching Goal
• Better understand the impact of air pollutants on
  the environment and, reduce the uncertainty of
  aerosol in climate forcing through improved
  observation
• NOAA support for ABC
• Establish a network of ground-based monitoring
  stations to measure composition of air pollutants
  in Asia
• Funding from NOAA GCOS to Scripps Oceanography
  Institute

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ABC and GAW

• 14th WMO Congress
• "3.3.2.4 Congress welcomed the close cooperation
  of GAW with the atmospheric sciences and
  environmental protection .For example, by
  encouraging GAW stations to be used as aerosol
  and chemical composition platforms for the
  Atmospheric Brown Could project

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Project Atmospheric Brown Cloud (ABC) Surface
Observation System
(V. Ramanathan, 2003)
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BSRN
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SURFRAD Regional Network BSRN Standards Used
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GCOS OBSERVING NETWORKS

• OCEAN OBSERVATIONS (OOPC, in Cooperation with IOC
  GOOS and JCOMM)
• Climate Components of
• Ships of Opportunity Programme (SOOP/XBT)
• Global Sea-Level Observing System (GLOSS)
• Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean (TAO) Array
• PIRATA
• Drifting Buoys (DBCP)
• Array of 3,000 ARGO Floating Buoys in Pacific,
  Indian, and Atlantic Oceans

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GCOS OBSERVING NETWORKS

• TERRESTRIAL OBSERVATIONS (TOPC, in Cooperation
  with GTOS)
• Climate Components of
• Coral Reef Monitoring (e.g., Hotspot Monitoring)
• Other Paleoclimate Proxies
• Carbon Flux (FLUXnet)
• Hydrology (GTN-H) proposed
• Permafrost (GTN-P)
• Glaciers (GTN-G)

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Global Observing System Information Center
(GOSIC) http//gosic.org
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High-Level U.S. Support for International GCOS

• In President Bushs June 2001 Rose Garden
  speech, he noted that national and international
  bodies have identified the building of a global
  observing system to monitor climate as being
  crucial to improving our understanding of the
  science of climate change. This system must
  include developing countries that have limited
  resources to make the necessary measurements.
  The Presidents statement went further to
  announce that "the U.S. would provide resources
  to help build climate observation systems in
  developing countries throughout the world, and
  call upon other developed countries to provide
  matching funds for such an investment." In line
  with that, the President's Climate Change
  Research Initiative (CCRI) budget for fiscal year
  (FY) 2003 allocated resources for international
  climate observing. Given a full appropriation,
  and as directed, we would establish climate
  observing sites in the Indo-Asia-Pacific region
  through the Atmospheric Brown Cloud (ABC) as well
  as allocating resources to the most critical
  needs and deficiencies of the GCOS atmospheric
  networks.

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High-Level U.S. Support for International GCOS
I strongly believe that NOAA is the right agency
to take a leadership role within the United
States, but we know full well that we cannot do
this alone. The global observation effort for
climate is far too enormous for one organization,
or even one country, to undertake alone. We must
work together. Perhaps the greatest challenge is
to develop one integrated observation plan for
the atmosphere, ocean, and land which everyone
can support. The Global Climate Observing System
(GCOS) and Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS),
working with the Integrated Global Observing
Strategy (IGOS) Partners and others, have
developed international consensus on overall
needs. There is, however, much work still to be
done. This challenge lies in our ability to
provide one coherent plan which integrates space
and in-situ observations across those three
elements. Vice Admiral Conrad C. Lautenbacher,
Jr., U.S.Navy (Ret.) Undersecretary of Commerce
for Oceans and Atmosphere and NOAA Administrator,
Speech to IOC and WMO - June 2002
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GCOS Funding in Response to CCRI Support
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)
Framework for International GCOS
SupportMonitoring the Pulse of the Planet
July 2002
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GCOS Budget Support Philosophy

• Based on priorities from GCOS Atmospheric
  Observations Panel for Climate (AOPC), NOAA
  Climate Monitoring Working Group, the GCOS
  Secretariat, Regional Workshops
• Basic Observing System Support for GUAN/GSN
  w/Supplies
• Support to GAW Quality Assurance/Science
  Applications Center
• Support for Atmospheric Brown Cloud (ABC)
• Data Management Support at NCDC in its role as a
  CBS Lead Centre for GCOS Data
• Support for Full-Time GCOS Implementation
  Manager at GCOS Secretariat in Geneva
• Support for Bi-Lateral Climate Activities (e.g.,
  NZ and South Africa) and Pacific Regional GCOS
  Activities

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Observation Needs Report of the Climate
Monitoring Working Group Sept 2003

• Use 2nd GCOS Adequacy Report as starting point to
  evaluate capabilities of observing system
• Inadequacy of GUAN baseline network
• Explore development of prototype reference
  sonde network
• Sparse network with enhanced capabilities to
  profile water vapor and temperature
• Could explore additional capabilities such as
  aerosols, cloud properties, and ozone
• Integrate with new measurement capabilities such
  as GPS radio-occultation, etc.
• Full implementation of ocean observing system,
  including ARGOS floats and repeat hydrographic
  lines
• Assess opportunities for integration and
  coordination of existing ground networks, such as
  NOAAs Coop, CRN, ASOS etc. and GAW and GSN, etc.

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                  THE SECOND REPORT ON THE
ADEQUACY OF THE GLOBAL OBSERVING SYSTEMS FOR
CLIMATE IN SUPPORT OF THE UNFCCC       April
2003   GCOS 82   (WMO/TD No. 1143)              
       
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Water vapor is the most important greenhouse gas.
Yet such changes are extremely poorly known.
Trends in the Boulder record and HALOE disagree.
GCOS 2AR states we need at least 2 other stations
to complement Boulder one in the deep tropics
(possibly Singapore) and one in the Southern
Hemisphere (NZ)
There is an urgent need for a true baseline sonde
network with better temporal sampling than the
Boulder record. GUAN is not working well.
Regular radiosondes are not good enough for
climate monitoring. Better to have fewer but
better and more reliable sondes e.g., every 4
days (roughly the decorrelation time between
independent T samples)? Kevin Trenberth, NCAR,
September 2003
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U.S. GCOS CCRI Funding FY03

• Upgrade of High-Priority GUAN Sites w/Supplies -
  1650K
• Atmospheric Brown Cloud (ABC) Observatories -
  1462K
• Support for GAW QA/SAC for Aerosols - 215K
• Data Management Support at NCDC - 189K
• Full-Time GCOS Implementation Project Manager
  - 150K
• GOSIC - 100K
• Travel - 7K
• GSN Improvements - 0K
• CCRI Original Budget 3974K
• Actual Funds Avail 3773K (overhead charges,
  etc.)
• CBS Lead Centre for GCOS Data
• Deferred for Fiscal Year 2004/05 (per AOPC)

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U.S. GCOS CCRI Funding FY03 GUAN Sites and
Support w/Guidance and In Coordination w/GCOS
Secretariat

• Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
• San Cristobal-Galapagos Island, Ecuador
• Easter Island, Chile
• Penrhyn Island, Cook Islands
• Gan, Maldives (leverages work with ABC Project)
• Pointe Noire, Congo
• Nairobi, Kenya
• Radiosondes and Supplies for 7 additional sites
  in developing nations

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U.S. GCOS CCRI Funding FY04

• Atmospheric Brown Cloud (ABC) Observatories -
  1398K
• GUAN Support - 1200K
• Support for GAW QA/SAC for Aerosols - 215K
• Data Management Support at NCDC - 202K
• U.S. GCOS Office Support - 200K
• Bi-Lateral Support - 189K
• GOSIC - 125K
• Full-Time GCOS Implementation Project Manager
  - 110K (WMO)
• Regional Support (Pacific) - 95K
• GSN Support 53K (CRN)
• CCRI Original Budget 3974K
• Funds Available 3787K (overhead charges,
  etc.)
• FY05 Presidents Budget 3921K

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State Dept IPCC Funding for GCOS in FY03 (Total
of 1080K)

• Regional Maintenance Facilities - 500K
• RA-I in Africa (150K)
• RA-IV in Caribbean (150K)
• RA-V in Pacific Islands (200K)
• Support for GAW Observatory Enhancements -
  400K
• Aerosol Measurements in China and South Africa
  (300K)
• High Mountain observatories in Western China and
  Mt. Waliguan.
• Cape Point, South Africa GAW observatory
• Establishment of Dobson Calibration Training
  Center in South America (100K)
• To Serve GAW users in Argentina, Brazil, Peru,
  and Uruguay

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State Dept IPCC Funding for GCOS in FY03

• Climate and Global Change Program Support at NCDC
  - 180K
• Detection of Trends in Climate Extremes in
  Developing Countries
• 2003 Regional Workshop for Southwest Asia (50K)
• 2004 Regional Workshop for Central Asia (50K)
• 2005 Workshop for Central America or Central
  Africa (50K)
• Generation of a web-based tool to make regional
  data available at the IPCC Scoping Meeting in
  Berlin (Fall 2003) - 30K
• Hope to be able to show enough success in order
  get more State Dept funds in 2004

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GCOS Budget Planning for FY05 and Beyond

• Continued GSN and GUAN Support in Developing
  Nations
• Continued Support of Regional GCOS Activities
• Funding for Transitioning the Operation of the
  SURFRAD Network ( 225K)
• Continued Data Management Activities at NCDC
• Enhanced GUAN Sub-Network for Water Vapor
  Measurements
• Continued Bi-Lateral Work (e.g., Australia, NZ,
  S. Africa)
• Enhancements to Atmospheric Brown Cloud Network
• Ozonesonde Observations in Developing Nations
• No Additional Funding in FY06 Budget
  Incremental Increases to be Sought for FY07 and
  Beyond

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Pacific Island GCOS (PI-GCOS)
Hilo
Guam
Majuro
Truk
Koror
Christmas
Tarawa
Funifuti
Port Moresby
Penrhyn
Atouna
Honiara
Pago Pago
Papette
Vanuatu
Rorotonga
Nouma
Rapa
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(No Transcript)
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PI-GCOS Implementation

• Regional GCOS Implementation Plan Developed
  (Still in Draft)
• Prioritized list of 31 Projects in 5 Objective
  Areas
• Advocacy
• Sustaining Operational Observing Networks
• Managing and Exchanging Regional GCOS Data
• Accessing and Developing Products and Services
• Building Capacity for Long-Term PI-GCOS
  Sustainability
• Selected Projects With Identified Funding
• Regional GCOS Coordinator US
• Demonstration Project for GCOS NZ
• Expanding the Use of Climate Prediction BoM
• Maintenance Support
• Pacific Data Portal funded part of Project 26
  for Regional Database
• Scope of the other 27 Pacific Island GCOS
  Projects is in the range of 24M (US) over the
  period from 2003 through 2008

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http//pi-gcos.org
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U.S./New Zealand Climate Change Partnership

• 9 out of 26 proposals with NZ involve NOAA and
  NIWA 7 of the 9 address specific observing
  projects as follows
• Proposed Flask Sampling From a Ship Plying The
  Western Pacific for CO2 Measurements in the
  Southern Ocean
• Stratospheric Water Vapor Profiles at Lauder
• Dobson Spectrophotometer Measurements of
  Stratospheric Ozone
• Network for the Detection of Stratospheric
  Change (NDSC)
• Surface Ozone Measurement Project at South Pole
• Improved climate monitoring systems for the
  Pacific (GCOS)
• Improved ocean climate observations for the
  Pacific (GOOS)

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Joint US/NZ Trace Gas Sampling Project

• Experimental New Ship Track
• Will be conducted on a car carrier ship between
  NZ and Japan across the South Pacific and Inter
  Tropical Convergence Zones
• NOAA/CMDL Flask Measurements
• PI Ed Dlugokencky
• CO2, N2O, SF6, CH4, H2, CO
• H2/Deuterium Ratio
• NIWA
• PI Dave Lowe
• 14CO and CH4 as an isotopic tracer for looking at
  changes in the oxidising capacity of the
  atmosphere across the convergence zones
• pCO2 not possible given ship configuration
• XBTs a Possibility

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Additional US/NZ Trace Gas Flask Sampling
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Trend of Water Vapor Over Boulder, CO(1980-2000)
for All Months (To be done in Lauder, NZ Starting
in 2004
30 28 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10
Altitude (km)
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
5
Trend (/year)
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PRIDE Initiative

• PRIDE
• Pacific Region Integrated Data Center for
  Environmental Ocean, Climate, and Ecosystem
  Information and Services
• Advance NOAAs mission objectives and meet
  critical regional needs for ocean, climate, and
  ecosystem information to protect lives and
  property, support economic development and
  enhance the resilience of Pacific Island
  communities in the face of changing environmental
  conditions.

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The Opportunity

• Summary opportunity to integrate a variety of
  functions on a regional scale in a part of the
  world where
• NOAA has a collection of relatively independent
  offices and functions, but where recent efforts
  in climate, coastal services and ocean
  observations reflect enhanced, cross-NOAA
  collaboration and the benefits of a NOAA-wide
  approach
• There is a need to serve an area in which the
  U.S. has a direct, but shared interest
• Communities, businesses and resources in the
  Pacific are very sensitive to environmental
  factors such as rising sea level and tropical
  cyclones
• An area where enhanced attention to the
  integration of NOAA data and information
  management programs could significantly leverage
  ongoing programs to help provide the expertise to
  address such factors

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Future Needs

• More than a traditional data center archive for
  data services
• One-stop shopping for environmental products and
  services
• To strengthen delivery of ocean and ocean-related
  climate and ecosystem products and services to
  the diverse Pacific Island user community
• To provide feedback mechanism to ocean and
  ocean-related climate and ecosystem observing
  systems
• To provide a true focus for the regional
  integration of such data for the delivery of
  services

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Background and Discussion

• Establish a NOAA-wide Pacific information center
• Integrate regional observations, research,
  assessment and services,
• Provide a prototype for the next generation of
  NOAA data centers
• Support NOAA research and service programs in the
  Pacific
• Provide one-stop shop for NOAA products and
  services, responsive to needs of Pacific Island
  communities, governments businesses
• Support emerging regional and global services
• GCOS, GOOS, IOOS, and ABC
• Ecosystem science and services
• Demonstrate NOAA/U.S. leadership in the emergence
  of a global environmental observing system

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Background and Discussion

• Relevant factors
• Strong Congressional support for improving
  environmental data and information services in
  the Pacific
• Funds in the FY04 budget for continued support
  for the IPRC/APDRC (975K)
• Funds in the FY04 budget for initial planning of
  a new NOAA facility in Honolulu
• Creation of a new Pacific region office for NMFS
• Robust regional GCOS and GOOS programs in place,
  and plans for a regional IOOS program emerging
• Strong bi-lateral support/agreements with
  Australia, France, Japan, and New Zealand exist
• On-going plans for a WMO Regional Climate Center
• Atmospheric Brown Cloud a good possible example
  of applying APDRC resources for a regional
  atmospheric data management project

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IPRC/APDRC
Strong desire on the part of the International
Pacific Research Center (IPRC) and Subsidiary
Asia Pacific Data Research Center (ADPRC) to
expand into data management on the atmospheric
side of climate Atmospheric Brown Cloud (ABC)
would be a great regional application for
this. Links http//iprc.soest.hawaii.edu http//ad
prc.soest.hawaii.edu
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(No Transcript)
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Conceptual Framework forPRIDE
Global/Regional Observations GCOS/GOOS/IOOS
Bi-Laterals with Australia Japan New Zealand
IPRC/APDRC
PRIDE
Pacific Services Center
New NOAA Facility in Hawaii
Pacific Climate Information System WMO/NOAA
RCCs RISA
NOAA Data Centers
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http//oco.noaa.gov
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American Meteorological Society Meeting 9-13
January 2005
This joint IIPS/IOAS session on the Global
Environmental Observing Systems is the third such
session sponsored at AMS. In conjunction with
the 9th Integrated Observing and Assimilation
Systems for Atmosphere, Oceans, and Land Surface
(IOAS-AOLS) Conference this session is related to
global environmental observing systems including,
but not limited to, the Global Climate Observing
System (GCOS), Global Ocean Observing System
(GOOS), and Global Terrestrial Observing System
(GTOS). This joint session is directly related
to the overall theme of the 85th AMS Meeting of
"Building the Earth Information System" It is
timely, given the recent work related to the
Earth Observation Summit, and related Group on
Earth Observations (GEO). Abstracts for this
session may be submitted either to the IIPS or to
the IOAS-AOLS conference. See AMS web site for
more details at http//www.ametsoc.org .
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Contact Information
Howard J. Diamond, E/CCx1 U.S. GCOS Program
Manager NOAA/NESDIS/NCDC 1335 East-West Highway,
Room 7214 Silver Spring, MD 20910 E-mail
howard.diamond_at_noaa.gov Web Site
http//oco.noaa.gov Voice 1-301-713-1283
(extension 229 for voice mail) Fax
1-301-713-0819 Cell 1-301-801-4855