Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control Best Available Techniques BATs Part 2

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Integrated Pollution Prevention and ControlBest
Available Techniques (BATs)Part 2

• Jacques Busson busson3_at_wanadoo.fr
• BOJNICE 23 November 2004

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Best Available Techniques

• Technique
• Technology
• Management across life-cycle
• Design, construction, maintenance, operation,
  decommissioning
• Available
• Scale
• "Reasonably accessible"
• Economically Technically viable (cost/benefit)
• Best
• "Most effective". Criteria on next slide

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Which BAT is best ?NOT the "best of the best"

• Cost/benefit analysis, principles of precaution
  prevention plus

• Use low waste technology
• Less hazardous substances
• Furthering recovery, recycling, waste
  minimisation
• Experience ("trained comparable process")
• Technological advances
• Emissions (nature, effect, volume)

• Commissioning dates
• Length of time needed to introduce BAT
• Raw materials, natural resources consumptions,
  energy efficiency
• Impact on the environment
• Accidents prevention
• Available information

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BREFs are BAT REFERENCE DOCUMENTS

• Answers the information exchange on BATs required
  by IPPC.
• Enable Competent Authorities (permit writers),
  Companies (industry operators), Public and
  society at large, Commission and policy makers to
  understand/decide What is BAT.
• Tool to improve/harmonise environmental
  performance in the EU.

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How BREFs are drafted

• BREFs are drafted by European IPPC Bureau in
  Sevilla (EIPPCB) on the basis of
• guidelines from DG Environment and Information
  Exchange Forum (IEF)
• information supplied by working group (TWG)
  members
• Industry, NGOs, Authorities
• expert judgement

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Information Exchange ForumThe IEF generally
oversees the information exchange process

• Recommending to DG Environment the rolling work
  programme and keeping it under review
• discussing the scope of upcoming BREFs (in
  particular horizontal BREFs)
• nomination of members to TWGs
• indicating to the Commission the degree of
  support for final draft BREFs
• Final responsibility for publication of BREFs
  rests with the Commission.

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Organisation of BAT work
Industry
Member States/EFTA/
TWGkick-off
Environmental NGOs
Commission/EIPPCB
1. Draft
2. Draft
2. Meeting
BREF
IEF
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BREFS will cover the following sectors

• Pulp and Paper
• Iron and Steel
• Cement and Lime
• Colling systems
• Chlor-Alkali industry
• Glass
• Ferrous Metal Processing
• Non-Ferrous Metal production
• Textile processing
• Tanneries
• Monitoring
• Refineries
• Smitheries and Foundries
• LV Organic Chemicals
• Intensive Livestock
• Storage

• Waste water/gas treatment
• Economic/Cross Media
• LCP
• Slaughterhouses / Carcasses
• Food/Milk processes
• LV Inorganic Chems - ammonia, acids, fertilizers
  
• LV inorganic Chems - Solids and others
• Ceramics
• Mine tailings management
• Surface treatment
• Solvent based coating
• Waste incineration
• Waste processing
• Fine Organic Chems
• Special Inorganic Chems
• Polymers

Internet http//eippcb.jrc.es
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BREFs are guidance to make specific decisions on
BATS to implement IPPC

• Are focused on
• Industry sector (30) or
• Horizontal topic
• Do not prescribe
• Standard neither set nor propose ELVs
• Cannot be exhaustive cannot take into account
  local conditions
• Technique
• Cannot determine BATs at specific levels
  (national, local, regional)
• Do not remove obligation by MS to fully implement
  IPPC

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BREFS of interest to the Chemical Industry

• To be published
• Subsector
• Large Combustion Plants
• Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals - Ammonia, Acids
  Fertilisers
• Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals - Solid Others
• Speciality inorganic chemicals
• Organic fine chemicals
• Polymers
• Horizontal
• Emissions from storage of bulk or dangerous
  materials
• Economic and cross media issues under IPPC
• Waste Incineration
• Waste Treatments
• Energy Efficiency

• Available
• Subsector
• Chlor-Alkali manufacture
• Refineries
• Large Volume Organic Chemicals
• Horizontal
• Cooling Systems
• Monitoring systems
• Common waste water and waste gas treatment and
  management systems in the chemical sector

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BREF Contents (1)

• BREF structure, legislative context, how was
  information gathered/assessed
• General information
• Nb installations, size, economics, Key
  environmental issues
• Currently applied processes techniques
• Current emissions consumption levels
• Techniques to consider in the determination of BAT

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BREF contents (2)

• Technique description
• Environmental benefits
• Cross media issues
• Applicability (retrofit possible ?)
• Economic information
• Reference plants
• Driving forces in Technique development

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BREF Content (3)

• Emerging techniques/ Recommendations for future
  work
• Conclusions
• Balancing cross media effects
• Cost/Benefit analysis
• Technical/economic viability
• Executive summary

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LVOC BREF structure (1)

• Info (description, environmental issues)
• Unit processes oxidation, halogenation,
  nitration, carbonylation etc
• Unit operations absorption, adsorption,distillati
  on etc
• Process equipment infrastructure reactors,
  energy supply, pumps compressors fans etc
• Generic applied processes techniques
• Generic emissions air, water, waste,
  consumption/emission factors

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LVOC BREF structure (2)

• Generic techniques to consider in the
  determination of BATs
• LVOC generic BATs
• Management systems, pollution prevention (air,
  water, waste)
• Illustrative processes
• Lower olefins, aromatics, ethylene oxide
  glycols, formaldehyde, acrylonitrile, EDC VCM,
  TDI

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Generic BAT info
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Generic BAT to prevent groundwater pollution

• No leaks from storage tanks loading/unloading
  facilities
• Overfill detection
• Impermeable ground material in process area with
  drainage to sump
• No intentional discharge to ground or groundwater
• Collection facilities where leaks may occur
• Allow full draining of equipment prior to opening
• Leak detection system and maintenance programme
• Monitoring of groundwater quality

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Horizontal BATWaste water/ waste gas treatment

• General issues
• Sources of ww/wg
• Management systems and tools
• Environnement
• Safety Emergency
• Treatment technologies for each source
• Conclusions on BAT
• Management systems
• WW/WG collection/treatment systems

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How to determine BATs ?

• Key environmental issues ?
• Relevant techniques ?
• Performance levels ?
• Conditions to achieve performance ?
• Select BAT in
• Illustrative process BAT
• LVOC generic BAT
• Horizontal BAT

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BAT questions

• BAT sometimes means radical environmental
  improvement
• Sometimes costly
• How to avoid jeopardising European jobs?
• How to prevent "minimal" instead of "maximal"
  application of all BAT applications ?

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Impact of BAT on the Competition of European
Industry

• Study by the Institute of Prospective Technology
  Studies, Seville, Spain
• Case Studies Cement, Pulp and Paper and
  Non-Ferrous Metals
• http//www.jrc.es/cfapp/reports/year.cfm?year2001

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The BREFs and Competitiveness
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IPPC and BAT

• BAT is a dynamic concept
• Integrated approach and BAT definition imply
  trade-off decisions prepared by a dialogue
  between operators and CAs.
• Member States and their competent authorities are
  ultimately responsible for these decisions

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Conclusions

• BAT plants Large, strongly competitive, highly
  productive, highly skilled workforce, above
  average RD spending
• Plants will have technical difficulties in
  adopting all BAT, and there are plants for which
  prudent implementation is necessary to achieve a
  sustainable environmental and economic performance

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The BREFs and Competitiveness
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Double dividend ?
Cleaner environment
Use of BAT in industry
Innovation, modernizedtraditional industry
Growth in the Europeaneco-industry
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The BREFs and Competitiveness

• Application for environmental regulation
  involves -
• Use of win-win solutions where possible
• Use of windows of opportunity e.g. investment
  cycles
• Informed discussions between Regulators and
  Industry about Improvement Programmes
• Industry should justify their choices of
  improvements

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Useful Web Sites

• Clean Technology and Energy Efficiency
  www.envirowise.org.uk/
• Website http//www.environment-agency.gov.uk
• UK Technical Guidance www.environment-agency.gov.u
  k/epns
• IPPC BAT Reference Documents http//eippcb.jrc.es