Nuclear transplantation experiments

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Nuclear transplantation experiments
critical stage is gastrula
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Hello Dolly
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The Cloning of Dolly
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(No Transcript)
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Stem Cells
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Lord of the Flies (Drosophila melanogaster)
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Life Cycle of a Fruit fly
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Bicoid gene- A Maternal Effect
morphogen- substance that provides
positional Information in form of concentration
gradient
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Segmentation Genes
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Segmentation Genes in Drosophila
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Homeotic Mutations in Drosophila
Antennapedia complex (ANT-C)
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Homeotic Mutations in Drosophila
Bithorax complex (BX-C)
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Homeotic genes, Homeoboxes Homeodomains

• Homeobox is about 180 nucleotide sequence long,
  which is a consensus sequence in all homeotic
  genes
• Homeodomain is a protein domain (helix-
  turn-helix motif) encoded by a homeobox, which
  can bind to other genes of the DNA
• Homeodomains are transcription factors which
  typically switch on cascades of other genes

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To Build a Better Mouse Trap (Mus musculus)
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Conservation of Homeotic Genes
Hox genes
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The worms crawl in,the worms crawl out
Caenorhabditis elegans
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Cell Lineage in C. elegans
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Cell Signaling in C. elegans
Induction- ability of one group of embryonic
cells to influence the development of another
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Apoptosis
caspases
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Kermit what happened to you?Golden Frog
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Cleavage in a Frog
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Cross Section of Blastula of a Frog
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Gastrulation in a Frog Embryo
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Sources of Developmental Information
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Cytoplasmic Determinants in Frogs
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The Organizer
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Characteristics of Model Organisms

• Similar to a larger group of organisms
• Short generation time
• Relatively small genome
• Well characterized with respect to genes
  development