DESIGNING EFFECTIVE TARGETING MECHANISMS WORKING FOR RESULTS

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DESIGNING EFFECTIVE TARGETING MECHANISMS WORKING
FOR RESULTS

• IMPROVING THE QUALITY IN SOCIAL FUNDS (SF) AS
  OPERATIONS WITH A COMMUNITY DRIVEN DEVELOPMENT
  (CDD) APPROACH APRIL 12, 2005
• N. Mungai Lenneiye, Sr Social Protection
  Specialist, AFTH1

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By definition

• Getting resources to a pre-determined beneficiary
  group (inclusion)
• Minimizing leakages (exclusion)
• Maintaining low administrative costs

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1. Targeting in SFs

• Reaching service-poor communities (with
  education, health, water, banking, markets etc.)
• Supporting the vulnerable (orphans, widows,
  elderly, chronically ill, disabled, etc.)
• Assistance for the able-bodied poor

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2. Targeting methods

• Individual/household assessments
• Means testing (per household or individual)
• Proxy means testing (household characteristic)
• Community-based targeting (done by group)
• Categorical testing (individuals tagged)
• Self-selection through exclusion incentives
• What examples do we have under each?

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3. What has worked

• Composite maize/millet or yellow maize flour sold
  with a subsidy (Botswana)
• Wages 20 below market rate (PWP in SFs)
• Communities identifying households who cannot pay
  school fees (Zimbabwe)
• Vulnerable already supported by NGOs (SSP in SFs)
• Mothers with malnourished children (SA)

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4. What has not worked

• On account of errors of exclusion?
• Give examples
• On account of errors of inclusion?
• Give examples
• What have been the associated costs
  (administrative, social, etc.)?

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CDD challengesresource allocation

• Working within the MTEF/PRSP
• Global Indicative Planning Figures (total
  project)
• Utilization dependent on community needs and
  capacities (demand driven)
• Use of national resource allocation formulae
  based on clear indicators
• Need for accurate data
• Discuss some examples

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CDD challengesresource targeting

• A response to the needs of decentralization
• Same indicators applied from national to local.
• Targeting rather than allocation (avoid
  supply-driven planning to a budget approach)
• Poverty maps identify geographical areas for
  facilitation to stimulate demand
• Discuss examples and challenges
• Compare CDD and PTAB approaches

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CDD challengesring-fencing

• Sector strategies allocate resources to
• Central Ministry and LGs for Capacity Building
• SF to finance community interventions
• Emerging approaches
• PWP to improve livelihoods (Malawi)
• Community Land Reform (Malawi)
• Protecting coastal marine-related incomes
  (Tanzania)
• Stimulating incomes from forests (Tanzania)
• AIDS-related treatments (Zanzibar)
• Under-developed areas (OPEC fund in Tanzania)

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CDD challengespoverty dynamics

• How can the SF reach the poorest within the poor
  group?
• What targeting methods are best suited to achieve
  conditional and unconditional cash transfers
  under a SF?

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CDD challengesSRM framework
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CDD challengesenhancing growth

• Can interventions with a CDD approach contribute
  to economic growth by using the SRM framework?
• Take examples through the matrix
• Can better targeting improve results?
• Can SFs transition from CCICom/Gov to IPMInd/HH?
• Reference Social Risk Management The World
  Banks approach to Social Protection in a
  globalizing world, SP Network, May 2003