Chemistry of Matter 31 Solution Chemistry

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Chemistry of Matter 3-1Solution Chemistry
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Introduction

• As a result of chemical bonding, hundreds of
  thousands of different substances exist.
• These compounds are classified into families
  based on their physical and chemical properties.
• One of the most important and abundant families
  of chemical compounds is the family of acids,
  bases, and salts.
• To better understand acids, bases, and salts, we
  must first look at SOLUTIONS!

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What is a Solution?

• A solution is a mixture in which one substance is
  dissolved in another substance.
• Solutions consist of TWO parts
• Solute substance that is dissolved
• Solvent substance that does the dissolving
• Solutes and solvents can exist in any phase of
  matter (solid, liquid, or gas).
• See page 68 in the Chemistry of Matter textbook.

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Solute / Solvent ?
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Properties of a Solution

• Usually appears clear.
• Cannot be separated by simple, physical means.
• Some can conduct electricity.
• Molecules are evenly distributed (the same
  throughout).

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Electrolytes
Nonelectrolytes
KCl
Sugar and water
NaCl
Alcohol
AgNO
Benzene
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Making Solutions

• Because solutes and solvents can exist in any
  phase of matter, NINE types of solutions can be
  made.
• Miscible two liquids that dissolve in each
  other
• Alloy solution of metals (brass, bronze,
  etc).
• Rate of solution speed at which a solute can be
  dissolved in a solvent.
• Solubility a measure of how much solute can be
  dissolved in a given amount of solvent under
  certain conditions.

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Unsaturated, Saturated, and Supersaturated
SOLUTIONS

• Supersaturated concentrated

Saturated
Unsaturated dilute
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Chemistry of Matter 3-2Acids, Bases, and Salts
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Introduction

• If you look in your medicine cabinet or
  refrigerator, you will find products that contain
  acids and bases.
• Acids are found in fruits, aspirin, vitamin C,
  milk, tea, pickles, and pop.
• Bases are found in soaps, deodorants, ammonia,
  milk of magnesia, and lye.
• Acids and bases also play an important role in
  the life processes that occur in your body
  (stomach acid).

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Hydrochloric Acid HCl Digestion of FOOD
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Properties of ACIDS

• Taste sour (never use taste to identify an
  unknown substance).
• Turn litmus paper red.
• Have no effect on phenolphthalein it remains
  colorless.
• React with metals (corrosive).
• Contain hydrogen (all acids begin with H-).
• Are proton donors.

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Properties of BASES

• Taste bitter and feel slippery.
• Are poisonous and corrosive.
• Turn litmus paper blue.
• Turn phenolphthalein bright pink.
• Emulsify fats and oils
• Contain hydroxide (all bases end with -OH).
• Are proton acceptors.

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Formation of Salts

• When acids react chemically with bases, they form
  a class of compounds called SALTS.
• The reaction of an acid with a bases produces a
  salt and water.
• This double-replacement reaction is called
  neutralization.

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ACID, BASE, or SALT?
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