Chemistry of Life

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Chemistry of Life
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Matter

• Anything that has mass and takes up space.
• 3 types of matter
• a). Solid
• b). Liquid
• c). Gas

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Solids

• Any substance that has a definite shape and
  definite volume.

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LIQUID

• Any substance that has a definite volume but not
  a definite shape. It takes the shape of its
  container.

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Gas

• Any substance that has no definite shape or
  definite volume.

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Physical Change

• Changing the physical properties of a substance
  without changing the substance itself.

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Physical Properties

• The characteristics of a substance that you can
  observe with the senses.
• They include

shape
color
volume
texture
odor
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ATOMS

• The smallest particle of matter that can exist
  and still have the properties of a particular
  kind of matter.

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• Atoms are composed of
• 1. Nucleus central part of the atom
• 2. Protons positively charged particles ()
• 3. Neutrons uncharged particles
• 4. Electrons negatively charged particles (-)

electrons
protons
neutrons
orbit
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Orbits (Energy Levels)

• A region around the nucleus in specific energy
  levels.
• There are 7 energy levels known to date.
• 1st energy level holds a maximum of 2 electrons.
• 2nd energy level holds a maximum of 8 electrons.
• 3rd energy level holds a maximum of 18 electrons.

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Elements

• http//www.chemsoc.org/viselements
  /pages/page3.html
• Substances that are made up entirely of atoms of
  the same kind and cannot be divided into simpler
  substances by ordinary chemical means.

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Symbol a shorthand method of representing an
element. Atomic Number - of protons in the
nucleus of the element. Atomic Mass Number -
protons of neutrons protons of
electrons atoms are electrically neutral
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How many protons, electrons, and neutrons are
found in the following atoms?
Calcium protons electrons neutrons
-
Iodine protons electrons neutrons -
I 53 53 74
Ca 20 20 20
Gold protons electrons neutrons -
Au 79 79 118
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Molecule the smallest part of a substance that
has all the chemical properties of that
substance. Made up of atoms of the same or
different kinds of atoms.Compound matter made
up of 2 or more atoms that are chemically
combined from different elements.

• H2O NH3 O2 2NaCl 4H2 CO2 He

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Chemical (Molecular) Formulas

• Shows the kind and number of atoms in a molecule
  or compound.
• Ex H2 - hydrogen gas
• H symbol
• 2 subscript
• 2 atoms of Hydrogen
• 2H2O C6H12O6

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Chemical Change

• Always uses or gives off energy
• Results in a new substance
• Ex H2 O2 ? 2H2O
• Na Cl ? NaCl

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Mixtures substances that are combined but not
changed chemically.Ex cereal milk vegetable
saladHow could a mixture of salt and water be
separated?2 types a) homogeneous one in
which the substances are evenly distributed. b)
heterogeneous the substances are not evenly
distributed.
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Mixtures

• Solution a mixture that is formed when the
  molecules of one substance mix evenly with those
  of another substance.
• ex Kool-Aid lemonade
• Suspension a heterogeneous mixture containing
  particles distributed with a liquid, gas, or
  solid.
• ex soil water RBC blood
• Colloid a mixture composed of particles
  dispersed in a medium
• ex gelatin (partly solid partly liquid)
• How is fog a
  colloid?

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Acids Bases

• Acid a chemical that produces hydrogen ions in
  a water solution.
• Ex HCl H2SO4
• Base a chemical that produces hydroxide ions in
  a water solution.
• Ex NaOH

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pH

• pH scale scale for measuring how acidic or
  basic various solutions are.
• Ranges from 0 to 14
• a solution w/a pH of 7 is neutral
• a solution w/a pH below 7 (0 to 6.9) is acidic
• a solution w/a pH above 7 (7.1 to 14) is basic
• Ex stomach acid
• vinegar
• milk
• blood
• soap

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