River sediments as constitutances of the transboundary ecological problems between Greece and Bulgar

1
River sediments as constitutances of the
transboundary ecological problems between Greece
and Bulgaria

• Prof., DSc George Gergov
• GWP - Bulgaria

2
Nestos catchment
3
River flow consists of four elements liquid flow

• Sediment flux
• Dissolved matter
• Radio-isotop matter

4
(No Transcript)
5
Refreshment on the river sediments knowledge

• Determination
• Typology they move downstream in
• suspension in water
• Sliding on bottom in plan and depth river forms
• Spread along rivers, flood plain and river
  terraces
• Origin from soil erosion on country side, sheet
  and rill erosion. Assume equal distribution.
• Partial sediment yield China
• Comparison study with soil erosion Mandev study

6
Refreshment on the river sediments

• Formation
• Soil erosion
• Anthropogenic
• impact

7
River sediments cases

• Siltation of reservoirs reduces their volume
  Kerkini, small man-made lakes
• Siltation of reservoirs causes accumulation of
  diversity of pollutants, sand and silt, toxic
  elements, heavy metals, health danger bacteria,
  radio nuclides, oil and its derivatives etc.
  see Koprinka lake studies
• Siltation of reservoirs locks river sediments and
  leads to the destruction of river mouth and delta
  Danube delta
• Levee buildings facilitate transit movement of
  sediments downstream and accelerate sedimentation
  of sea bay and river delta Struma delta at the
  Orphan bay Kamchia plum
• Shore line enforcement by engineering
  constructions might wash out the sands and thus
  it destructs the beaches Mediterranean sea side
  in France Pomorie Obzor in Bg site
• Sand and gravel deposition on both the river bed
  and river terraces, making their own alluvial
  deposition

8
River sediment use open pit mining enterprises

• Two types of mining flash rivers with
  interrupted sediment movement Varbitza River,
  Kroumovitza River, tributaries of Mesta River
• plain river with steady repleshment
• Extensive yield instead of intensive use of new
  building materials cheep, washed, variety in
  size

9
(No Transcript)
10
River sediment yield
11
River sediment use open pit mining enterprises
12
Requirements concerning river sediments

• Monitoring, modeling and forecast of water,
  sediment yield and water quality
• Sustainable integral water resources and solid
  loadmanagement to benefit the people and reduce
  the social pressure and risks
• Program for the use in situ for power yield,
  irrigation, human and industry water supply
• Purification facilities for any settlement, farm
  and industrial item
• Soil erosion protection measures
• Flood protection and special safety measures to
  reduce the peak flow

13
Summary and conclusion

• The Nestos River case a long lasting dialogue
  to clear the problem and to make it feasible

• A large complex research on river sediments, its
  factors of formation, monitoring, transformation
  and use
• A comlete list of engineering and anti erosion
  measures to protect the environment and give rice
  of the eficiency in the use of the engineering
  constructions ever done in the catchment area.