Patterns and Trends of AmphetamineType Stimulants and Other Drugs in East Asia and the Pacific 2005

1
Patterns and Trends of Amphetamine-Type
Stimulants and Other Drugs in East Asia and the
Pacific 2005
Jeremy Douglas Regional Project Coordinator
HaNhi Tran Project Associate
2
Presentation Structure

• A look at the global ATS situation
• UN Regional Centre actions against ATS
• Improving ATS Data and Information Systems
• The ATS situation in Asia
• Overview
• Demand
• Supply
• Summary

3
Presentation Structure

• A brief look at the global ATS situation
• UN Regional Centre actions against ATS
• Improving ATS Data and Information Systems
• The ATS situation in Asia
• Overview
• Demand
• Supply
• Summary

4
Presentation Structure

• A look at the global ATS situation
• UN Regional Centre actions against ATS
• Improving ATS Data and Information Systems
• The ATS situation in Asia
• Overview
• Demand
• Supply
• Summary

5
Presentation Structure

• A look at the global ATS situation
• UN Regional Centre actions against ATS
• Improving ATS Data and Information Systems
• The ATS situation in Asia
• Overview
• Demand
• Supply
• Summary

6
Presentation Structure

• A look at the global ATS situation
• UN Regional Centre actions against ATS
• Improving ATS Data and Information Systems
• The ATS situation in Asia
• Overview
• Demand
• Supply
• Summary

7
Presentation Structure

• A look at the global ATS situation
• UN Regional Centre actions against ATS
• Improving ATS Data and Information Systems
• The ATS situation in Asia
• Overview
• Demand
• Supply
• Summary

8
Presentation Structure

• A look at the global ATS situation
• UN Regional Centre actions against ATS
• Improving ATS Data and Information Systems
• The ATS situation in Asia
• Overview
• Demand
• Supply
• Summary

9
Presentation Structure

• A look at the global ATS situation
• UN Regional Centre actions against ATS
• Improving ATS Data and Information Systems
• The ATS situation in Asia
• Overview
• Demand
• Supply
• Summary

10
A look at the global ATS situation UNODC
estimates of illicit drug use, late 1990s to
2004/2005
Source UNODC, 2006 World Drug Report.
11
Ranking of amphetamine-type stimulants in order
of prevalence in 2004 (or latest year available)
Sources UNODC Annual Reports Questionnaires
data, National Household Surveys on Drug Abuse,
UNODC Rapid Assessement Studies, Council of
Europe, ESPAD.
12
A look at the global ATS situation
Production estimate of
amphetamine-type stimulants
Sources UNODC estimates based on UNODC, Annual
Reports Questionnaire Data / DELTA and INCB, 2005
Precursors, March 2006, UNODC, 2005 World Drug
Report and UNODC, Ecstasy and Amphetamines
Global Survey 2003.
13
Breakdown of methamphetamine seizures in 2004 (N
10.9 tons)
Source UNODC, Annual Report Questionnaire Data /
DELTA
14
A look at the global ATS situation
Average annual change in seizures,
1994-2004
Source UNODC, Annual Reports Questionnaire Data
/ DELTA.
15
Presentation Structure

• A look at the global ATS situation
• UN Regional Centre actions against ATS
• Improving ATS Data and Information Systems
• The ATS situation in Asia
• Overview
• Demand
• Supply
• Summary

16
Improving ATS Data and Information Systems
The UN Regional Centre actions against ATS

• Project Objective

• Establish data infrastructure for better
  understanding patterns of ATS in the region and
  for exchanging data relevant to ATS abuse
  prevention and control

17
Standardized methodology DAINAP on-line

• Law enforcement
• Forensic laboratory drug testing
• Treatment and health
• Intravenous drug use (IDU) and HIV
• Student drug abuse prevalence
• General population drug abuse prevalence

18
NACD National Authority for
Combating Drugs

• Ministry of Health/CDC/
• Ministry of Mines
• Precursor information

Cambodia Surveillance System est. 2003
/4 Expanding to 18 Provinces 2006

• Provincial Health Office
• General trends in
• Injecting Drug Use

NATIONAL PROVINCIAL

• Provincial Law
• Enforcement
• Arrests and seizure data
• Retail price

12 PDCC- Provincial Drug Control
Committees (Expansion to 18 in 2006)

• Local authority/Social affairs
• /School personnel
• Number of drug abusers
• Type of drug abuse and method

19
Presentation Structure

• A look at the global ATS situation
• The UN Regional Centre actions against ATS
• Improving ATS Data and Information Systems
• The ATS situation in Asia
• Overview
• Demand
• Supply
• Summary

20
The ATS situation in Asia Overview Trends in
abuse of selected drugs, 2005
Not ranked as a drug of abuse in 2005 a Refers
to 2004 trend
21
The ATS situation in Asia Overview Meth abuse
increasing in 8 countries, ranked 1 in 6
Not ranked as a drug of abuse in 2005 a Refers
to 2004 trend
22
The ATS situation in Asia Overview Ecstasy
abuse increasing in 7 countries
Not ranked as a drug of abuse in 2005 a Refers
to 2004 trend
23
The ATS situation in Asia Overview Heroin abuse
increasing in 6 countries, ranked 1 in 3
Not ranked as a drug of abuse in 2005 a Refers
to 2004 trend
24
The ATS situation in Asia Overview Cannabis
abuse increasing in 3 countries, ranked 1 in 2
Not ranked as a drug of abuse in 2005 a Refers
to 2004 trend
25
The ATS situation in Asia Overview ATS reported
as the primary drug of abuse in 6 of 13 countries
ATS
Heroin/Opium
Cannabis
Benzodiazepines
The boundaries and names shown on this map do not
imply official endorsement or acceptance by the
UN.
26
The ATS situation in Asia Overview Primary form
of ATS abused in the region
Methamphetamine pills
Crystalline methamphetamine
Ecstasy
The boundaries and names shown on this map do not
imply official endorsement or acceptance by the UN
27
Presentation Structure

• A look at the global ATS situation
• The UN Regional Centre actions against ATS
• Improving ATS Data and Information Systems
• The ATS situation in Asia
• Overview
• Demand
• Supply
• Summary

28
The ATS situation in Asia Demand Primary drug
of abuse in each country, 2005
Based on 2004 household survey data
29
The ATS situation in Asia Demand Meth reported
as primary drug of abuse in 6 countries
Based on 2004 household survey data
30
The ATS situation in Asia Demand Meth reported
as primary drug of abuse in 6 countries
Based on 2004 household survey data
31
The ATS situation in Asia Demand Meth reported
as primary drug of abuse in 6 countries
Based on 2004 household survey data
32
The ATS situation in Asia Demand Meth reported
as primary drug of abuse in 6 countries
Based on 2004 household survey data
33
The ATS situation in Asia Demand Meth reported
as primary drug of abuse in 6 countries
Based on 2004 household survey data
34
The ATS situation in Asia Demand Meth reported
as primary drug of abuse in 6 countries
Based on 2004 household survey data
35
The ATS situation in Asia Demand Prevalence of
abuse in the Philippines

• 23 percent reported lifetime abuse
• Shabu most frequently cited with two-thirds
  having abused the drug
• 60 percent lifetime abusers were current abusers

• Shabu most abused at 73.8 percent
• Estimated 11,141,490 people had abused drugs in
  lifetime
• Estimated 6,765,773 current abusers

36
The ATS situation in Asia Demand How is ATS
demand reflected in treatment data?
37
The ATS situation in Asia Demand Significant
number of admissions for ATS treatment
38
The ATS situation in Asia Demand Significant
number of admissions for ATS treatment
39
The ATS situation in Asia Demand Significant
number of admissions for ATS treatment
40
Drug Treatment Centre Vientiane Lao
41
The ATS situation in Asia Demand Significant
number of admissions for ATS treatment
42
The ATS situation in Asia Demand Significant
number of admissions for ATS treatment
43
The ATS situation in Asia Demand Type of drugs
injected
44
The ATS situation in Asia Demand 8 countries
reported injection of ATS
45
The ATS situation in Asia Demand 8 countries
reported injection of ATS
46
The ATS situation in Asia Demand 8 countries
reported injection of ATS
47
The ATS situation in Asia Demand 8 countries
reported injection of ATS
48
The ATS situation in Asia Demand 8 countries
reported injection of ATS
49
The ATS situation in Asia Demand 8 countries
reported injection of ATS
50
The ATS situation in Asia Demand 8 countries
reported injection of ATS
51
The ATS situation in Asia Demand 8 countries
reported injection of ATS
52
Injecting Methamphetamine Pills in Cambodia
53
The ATS situation in Asia Demand Methamphetamine
abuse increasing in 8 of 13 countries

• Crystal methamphetamine abuse dominates in
  Brunei, Japan, Philippines and parts of South
  China but may be increasing in the Greater Mekong
  Sub-region (GMS)

• Pills / tablets continue to dominate abuse trends
  in the GMS

Increase
Stable
Decrease
The boundaries and names shown on this map do not
imply official endorsement or acceptance by the UN
54
The ATS situation in Asia Demand Ecstasy abuse
increasing in 7 countries

• Although at low levels ecstasy abuse is
  increasing in urban areas

Increase
Stable
Decrease
No abuse reported
The boundaries and names shown on this map do not
imply official endorsement or acceptance by the UN
55
The ATS situation in Asia Recap of demand
trends

• Methamphetamine and ecstasy abuse widespread in
  the region

• 8 of the 13 countries report an increasing trend
  in methamphetamine abuse

• 6 of the 13 profiled countries rank
  methamphetamine as the primary drug of concern

• 7 of the 9 countries which rank ecstasy as a drug
  of concern reported an increasing trend of abuse

56
The ATS situation in Asia Recap of demand
trends

• 8 countries report injection of
  methamphetamine

• Treatment for ATS makes up a significant
  percentage of total admissions

• More than 70 percent total admissions in
  Philippines

• 90 percent of all admissions in the Lao

• Nearly two-thirds of all admissions in Thailand

57
Presentation Structure

• A look at the global ATS situation
• The UN Regional Centre actions against ATS
• Improving ATS Data and Information Systems
• The ATS situation in Asia
• Overview
• Demand
• Supply
• Summary

58
The ATS situation in Asia Supply Major ATS
trafficking routes in the GMS, 2005
Other significant production Indonesia,
Malaysia, Philippines
59
The ATS situation in Asia Supply How is ATS
supply reflected in law enforcement data?
Data from Australian refers to financial year
2003/04 data from Japan refers to calendar year
2004.
60
The ATS situation in Asia Supply Significant
number of ATS-related arrests (2005)
Data from Australian refers to financial year
2003/04 data from Japan refers to calendar year
2004.
61
The ATS situation in Asia Supply Significant
number of ATS-related arrests (2005)
Data from Australian refers to financial year
2003/04 data from Japan refers to calendar year
2004.
62
The ATS situation in Asia Supply Significant
number of ATS-related arrests (2005)
Data from Australian refers to financial year
2003/04 data from Japan refers to calendar year
2004.
63
The ATS situation in Asia Supply Significant
number of ATS-related arrests (2005)
Data from Australian refers to financial year
2003/04 data from Japan refers to calendar year
2004.
64
The ATS situation in Asia Supply Significant
number of ATS-related arrests (2005)
Data from Australian refers to financial year
2003/04 data from Japan refers to calendar year
2004.
65
The ATS situation in Asia Supply Significant
number of ATS-related arrests (2005)
Data from Australian refers to financial year
2003/04 data from Japan refers to calendar year
2004.
66
The ATS situation in Asia Supply Significant
number of ATS-related arrests (2005)
Data from Australian refers to financial year
2003/04 data from Japan refers to calendar year
2004.
67
The ATS situation in Asia Supply Significant
number of ATS-related arrests (2005)
Data from Australian refers to financial year
2003/04 data from Japan refers to calendar year
2004.
68
The ATS situation in Asia Supply Significant
number of ATS-related arrests (2005)
Data from Australian refers to financial year
2003/04 data from Japan refers to calendar year
2004.
69
The ATS situation in Asia Supply Significant
number of ATS-related arrests (2005)
Data from Australian refers to financial year
2003/04 data from Japan refers to calendar year
2004.
70
The ATS situation in Asia Supply Meth-related
arrests and pill seizures in Cambodia, 1997 - 2005
71
The ATS situation in Asia Supply Meth-related
arrests and pill seizures in Cambodia, 1997 - 2005
72
The ATS situation in Asia Supply Meth-related
arrests and pill seizures in Cambodia, 1997 - 2005
73
The ATS situation in Asia Supply Total seizures
for selected drugs, 2005
Combined herb and resin
74
The ATS situation in Asia Supply ATS seizures
dominated the region (2005)
Combined herb and resin
75
The ATS situation in Asia Supply ATS seizures
dominated the region (2005)
Combined herb and resin
76
The ATS situation in Asia Supply ATS seizures
dominated the region (2005)
Combined herb and resin
77
The ATS situation in Asia Supply ATS seizures
dominated the region (2005)
Combined herb and resin
78
The ATS situation in Asia Supply Methamphetamine
seizures in Cambodia, 2003 - 2005

79
The ATS situation in Asia Supply Drug seizures
in Myanmar, 2000 - 2005
Combined herb and resin.
80
The ATS situation in Asia Supply Drug seizures
in Myanmar, 2000 - 2005
Sharp increase in yaba (meth) pill seizures in
2006
Combined herb and resin.
81
The ATS situation in Asia Supply Clandestine
methamphetamine lab seizures, 2002 - 2005
Source World Drug Report 2004
82
The ATS situation in Asia Supply Clandestine
methamphetamine lab seizures, 2002 - 2005
Source World Drug Report 2004

• Labs seized were large-scale production factories

83
Clandestine laboratory seized near Penang
Malaysia July 2006
84
Floor Plan
Source RMP
85
The ATS situation in Asia Supply Clandestine
ecstasy lab seizures, 2002 - 2005
Source World Drug Report 2004
86
The ATS situation in Asia Supply Clandestine
ecstasy lab seizures, 2002 - 2005
Source World Drug Report 2004
87
The ATS situation in Asia Recap of 2005 supply
trends

• ATS was involved in the majority of drug-related
  arrests in a significant number of countries
  including

• More than 90 of drug-related cases in Brunei,
  Cambodia, and Lao

• More than 80 of drug-related cases in Japan and
  more than 75 of cases in Thailand

• Large methamphetamine pill seizures

• Almost 16 million meth pills seized in Thailand
  and 4.65 million seized in Lao in 2005

• Pill seizures in Myanmar during 1st quarter 2006
  nearly exceeded total seizures in past 3 years

88
The ATS situation in Asia Recap of 2005 supply
trends

• Supply of crystal methamphetamine has expanded
  and spread geographically in the region

• Ice seized for the first time in Lao and Cambodia

• Higher seizures of ice in Myanmar and Thailand
  compared to previous years

• Increase in ATS precursor seizures in Myanmar

• Eleven industrial scale methamphetamine
  production labs seized in the Philippines

89
Summary

• Methamphetamine abuse at very high levels in
  the region the highest in the world

• 8 countries report injection of methamphetamine

• Treatment for ATS makes up a significant
  percentage of total admissions

90
Summary

• Increased methamphetamine arrests and seizures in
  the region

• Supply of crystal methamphetamine has expanded

• Large-scale clandestine methamphetamine
  laboratories (factories) continue to be seized in
  the region

91

• Thank You

Jeremy Douglas Regional Project
Coordinator Improving ATS Data and Information
Systems