MADISONS CURRENT WEATHER

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MADISONS CURRENT WEATHER
Madison Weather at 1000 AM CDT 27 JUN 2002
Updated twice an hour at 05 and 25

Temperature 72F ( 22C) Dewpoint 59F (
15C) Relative Humidity 64 Winds
from the NW (330 degs) at 10 mph.
Pressure 1011.3 millibars. Altimeter29.88
inches of mercury. The prevailing
visibility was 10 miles.
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CURRENT VISIBLE
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Current Surface Weather Map with Isobars (iso
equal bar weight), Fronts and Radar
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Current Surface Winds with Streamlines
Isotachs (iso equal tach speed)
L
L
H
H
H
L
L
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Yesterdays High Temperatures (oF) (1961-90)
Average High Temperatures
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Current Temperatures (F) Isotherms(iso
equal therm temperature)
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Current Temperatures (oF) 24 Hrs Ago
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CURRENT IR
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Current Dewpoints (oF)
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Tomorrow AM Forecast Map
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ANNOUCEMENTS

• Homework 1 is due today
• Homework 2 is due next Wed.

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ATM OCN 100 - Summer 2001 LECTURE 7

• ATMOSPHERIC ENERGETICS RADIATION (cont.)
• A. Introduction
• B. Radiant Energy - Fundamentals

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MADISONS CURRENT WEATHER
Madison Weather at 1000 AM CDT THU JUN 28 2001
Updated twice an hour at 05 and
25 Sky/Weather SUNNY
Temperature 78 F (25 C)
Dew Point 61 F (16 C)
Relative Humidity 55 Wind
S7 MPH Barometer 30.23S
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Landsat-7 Image of NW Wisconsin nr Siren 18 May
2001 (Pre tornado)http//www.news.wisc.edu/newsph
otos/siren.html
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Landsat-7 Image of NW Wisconsin nr Siren 19 June
2001 (After tornado)http//www.news.wisc.edu/news
photos/siren.html
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GABRIELLE
CURRENT IR
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Surface Weather Map from Today with Isobars
Fronts
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Current Temperatures (oF) Isotherms
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Hurricanes Isaac Joyce
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Yesterdays High Temperatures (oF) (1961-90)
Average High Temperatures
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Tomorrows 7AM Forecast
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Current Wind-Chill Equivalent Temperatures (oF)
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ATM OCN 100 - Summer 2002LECTURE 7

• ATMOSPHERIC ENERGETICS RADIATION
• A. INTRODUCTION
• What is radiation?
• What is significance of radiation?

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B. RADIANT ENERGY orELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION

• The nature of electromagnetic radiation
• Wave forms
• Terminology describing waves
• Speed of wave
• Wavelength Fig 2.2 Moran Morgan (1997)
• Frequency

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WAVE TERMINOLOGY

• Speed of wave
• miles per hour or meters per second
• Wavelength
• meters or micrometers
• Frequency
• Cycles per second or Hertz

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WAVE TERMINOLOGY (cont.)

• Fundamental Relationship
• Speed wavelength x frequency

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ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION FUNDAMENTALS (cont.)

• The Electromagnetic Spectrum
• The entire spectrum
• Typical names
• X-Rays through Radio Waves
• Spectral regions important to meteorology
• UV, Visible, IR (also microwave)

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The Electromagnetic SpectrumSee Fig. 2.1 Moran
Morgan (1997)
ROY G BIV
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The Hazards of UV Radiation

• Region of concern
• UVA
• UVB
• Consequences of increased UV Radiation
• Skin Cancer
• Cataracts
• Changes in Genetic Pool
• The UV Index

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The Hazards of UV Radiation

• Region of concern
• UVA
• UVB
• Consequences of increased UV Radiation
• Skin Cancer
• Cataracts
• Changes in Genetic Pool

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The UV Index (UVI)

• Numerical Values
• Related to time needed to receive sunburn

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The UV Index (UVI)

• Numerical Values
• Related to time needed to receive sunburn
• UVI 0-2 (Minimal) ? 60 minutes
• UVI gt 10 (Very High) lt 10 minutes
• UVI Values depend upon
• Latitude
• Elevation
• Clouds
• UVI forecasts produced daily by NWS

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The UV Index (UVI)

• Numerical Values
• Related to time needed to receive sunburn
• UVI Values depend upon
• Latitude
• Elevation
• Clouds
• UVI forecasts produced daily by NWS

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The UV Index (UVI)

• Numerical Values
• Related to time needed to receive sunburn
• UVI Values depend upon
• Latitude
• Elevation
• Clouds

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The UV Index (UVI)

• Numerical Values
• Related to time needed to receive sunburn
• UVI Values depend upon
• Latitude
• Elevation
• Clouds
• UVI forecasts produced daily by NWS

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Current UVI Forecast
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A June UVI Forecast
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ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION FUNDAMENTALS (cont.)

• Important relationships of radiation
• Ideal radiators/absorbers (black bodies)
• The ideal radiator curve
• Total amount of Energy emitted/absorbed
• Region of maximum radiation
  where ...

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Electromagnetic Radiation Emission/Absorption as
a function of Temperature
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ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION FUNDAMENTALS (cont.)

• Total energy emitted/absorbed.
• (also known as Stefan-Boltzmanns Law)

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ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION FUNDAMENTALS (cont.)

• Region of maximum radiation.
• (also known as Wien's Displacement Law)

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ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION FUNDAMENTALS (cont.)

• Inverse Square Relationship
• Intensity of incident radiation varies inversely
  with square of distance from radiation source

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ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION FUNDAMENTALS (cont.)

• Inverse Square Relationship
• Intensity of incident radiation varies inversely
  with square of distance from radiation source

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INVERSE SQUARE LAW (cont.)
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INVERSE SQUARE LAW (cont.)
Earth
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ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION FUNDAMENTALS (cont.)

• Zenith Angle Relationship
• Intensity of incoming radiation is
• greatest for vertically oriented rays
• least for rays that parallel horizontal surface.
• Intensity of incoming radiation is proportional
  to cosine of incident angle (defined as
  zenith angle)

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COSINE ANGLE RELATIONSHIP (cont.)
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Solar Altitude Angles at Different LatitudesFig.
2.6 Moran and Morgan (1997)
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C. THE EARTH, THE SUN andTHE RADIATION LINK

• The Sun Solar radiation
• A star with surface temperature ? 6000 K
• Peak radiation ???????m.

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Our Sun Space Environment Center
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Our Sun last Night NOAA Space Environment
Center
H-Alpha Image
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Our Sun from Yesterday Space Environment Center
H-Alpha Image
Helium Image
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Sunspot NumbersFig 20.5 Moran Morgan (1997)
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Extra-atmospheric Solar Radiation See Fig 2.3,
Moran Morgan (1997)
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C. THE EARTH, THE SUN THE RADIATION LINK
(cont.)

• Receipt of solar radiation by Earth-atmosphere
  system
• Solar Constant Incoming solar radiation received
  on surface that is
• Perpendicular to suns rays
• Above atmosphere
• at mean earth-sun distance.
• Currently accepted value
• 2 cal/cm2/min 1370 Watt/m2.

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INVERSE SQUARE LAW (cont.)
Earth
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C. THE EARTH, THE SUN THE RADIATION LINK
(cont.)

• Our place in the Sun -- Annual diurnal
  motions of Earth
• Solstices equinoxes
• Local noon sunrise/sunset

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Earths Orbit of Sun The Cause of the Seasons
See Fig. 2.10 Moran Morgan (1997)
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Earths Orbit of Sun The Cause of the Seasons
See Fig. 2.10 Moran Morgan (1997)
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DAYLIGHT-NIGHT (23 JUN)
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DAYLIGHT-NIGHT (21 SEP)
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DAYLIGHT-NIGHT (22 DEC)
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Latitudinal Dependency
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Solar Altitude Angles at Different LatitudesFig.
2.6 Moran and Morgan (1997)
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Our Tilted Earth
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Sun Paths for Mid LatitudesFig. 2.14 Moran and
Morgan (1997)
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Diurnal Variation in Solar Altitude Angle at
Madison
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C. THE EARTH, THE SUN THE RADIATION LINK
(cont.)

• Disposition of solar radiation in
  Earth-atmosphere system
• Reflected
• Scattered
• Absorbed
• Transmitted
• Albedo
• where...

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ALBEDO

• The reflectivity of a surface
• Albedo of surfaces
• Implications

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C. THE EARTH, THE SUN THE RADIATION LINK
(cont.)

• Terrestrial radiation
• Emitted from earth-atmosphere system
• Radiating temperature ????????
• Peak radiation region ??????m.

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Terrestrial or Long Wave Radiation Emitted at 300
KSee Fig 2.4, Moran Morgan (1997)
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Consequences

• If more input than loss
• Then Radiative heating
• If more loss than input
• Then Radiative cooling