ATM OCN 100 Summer 2002 LECTURE 17 cont.

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ATM OCN 100 - Summer 2002 LECTURE 17 (cont.)

• THE THEORY OF WINDS PART I - OBSERVATIONS
  SCALES
• Introduction
• Wind Observations Anemometry
• Characteristic Scales of Atmospheric Motion

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Announcements

• Homework 5
• Has been posted on the Web at
• http//www.aos.wisc.edu/hopkins/aos100/homework
• Due this Friday
• 2nd Hour Exam
• Is scheduled this Friday (16 Nov. 2001)
• A help sheet has been posted at
• http//www.aos.wisc.edu/hopkins/aos100/exams.
• Please stay tuned for more info!!!
• Homework 4 (also 1-3)
• Has been graded and available in the front
  please retrieve yours (along with previous
  items)
• Answers to be posted on the Web at
• http//www.aos.wisc.edu/hopkins/aos100/homework

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Last 24 hrs in Madison
Example of Cold Air Advection
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MADISONS CURRENT WEATHER
Madison Weather at 1000 AM CDT 24 JUL 2002
Updated twice an hour at 05 and 25

Sky/Weather MOSUNNY
Temperature 71 F (21 C)
Dew Point 56 F (13 C)
Relative Humidity
58 Wind SE10 MPH
Barometer 30.27S
(1025.0 mb)
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Last 24 hrs in Madison
                                                  
                                                  
                                                  
              
                                               
                                                  
                                                  
                 
FOG
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http//www.ssec.wisc.edu/data/comp/cmoll.mpg
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CURRENT VISIBLE
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CURRENT IR
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Current Surface Weather Map with Isobars (iso
equal bar weight), Fronts and Radar
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Current Surface Winds with Streamlines
Isotachs (iso equal tach speed)
L
L
L
L
H
H
L
L
H
H
L
L
L
L
H
H
H
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Current Temperatures (F) Isotherms(iso
equal therm temperature)
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Current Temperatures (oF) 24 Hrs Ago
Cold Advection Drier Air
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Current Dewpoints (oF)
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Tomorrow AM Forecast Map
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Typhoon
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Hurricane Douglas
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Announcements

• Homework 3 Answer Key is posted
  athttp//www.aos.wisc.edu/hopkins/aos100/homewor
  k
• Homework 4 is due tomorrow
• 2nd Hour Exam is scheduled for tomorrow.
• Study sheet is posted at http//www.aos.wisc.edu/
  hopkins/aos100/exams
• If you have ??, please see me.

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ATM OCN 100 - Summer 2002 LECTURE 17 (cont.)

• THE THEORY OF WINDS PART I - OBSERVATIONS
  SCALES
• Introduction
• Nature of winds (and scalar quantities)
• Importance of Winds

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ATM OCN 100 - Summer 2002 LECTURE 17 THE
THEORY OF WINDS PART I - OBSERVATIONS SCALES

• A. INTRODUCTION
• What are Winds?
• Importance of Winds

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Current Midwest Winds Isobars
H
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WINDS ARE

• Air in motion relative to earths surface
• Roughly horizontal
• Vector quantities, defined by
• Magnitude (speed)
• Direction
• Compare vector with scalar quantitiesWind, force
  vs. temperature, humidity.
• Note Winds are named for direction from which
  they come! (e.g., North wind is from north!)

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Surface Weather Map from Today with Isobars
Fronts
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Current Winds
H
L
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Graphical Display of Wind DataSpeed Direction
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IMPORTANCE OF WINDS

• Human Significance
• Destructive aspect
• Cooling power
• Renewable resource (Wind Power) Since wind
  power is proportional to cube of wind speed.
• Meteorological Significance
• Atmospheric circulation
• Advection of atmospheric properties

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The Damaging Effects of Winds
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Old Dutch Windmill
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Modern Wind Energy Conversion System (NE
Wisconsin)
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Wind Power PotentialNational Wind Technology
Center, U.S DOE
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B. WIND OBSERVATIONS ANEMOMETRY

• Requirements
• Representative away from obstacles
• Historical Wind Observations
• Tower of Winds in Greece (1st Century BC)
  (Boreas - the north wind, etc.)

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B. WIND OBSERVATIONS ANEMOMETRY

• Requirements
• Representative away from obstacles
• Historical Wind Observations
• Tower of Winds in Greece (1st Century BC)
  (Boreas - the north wind, etc.)
• Maritime experiences (Doldrums, trade winds,
  etc.)
• Beaufort Wind Force Scale

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BEAUFORT WIND FORCE SCALEModern version,
Source Federal Meteorological Handbook I
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BEAUFORT WIND FORCE SCALE (cont.)
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SEA STATE For Calm Conditions (Force 0)Source
NWSFO Milwaukee
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SEA STATE For Strong Breeze Conditions (Force
6)Source NWSFO Milwaukee
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SEA STATE For Hurricane Conditions (Force
12)Source NWSFO Milwaukee
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Windsock
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B. ANEMOMETRY (cont.)

• Modern Wind Observation Techniques
• Surface (within 10 meters of surface)
• Aloft (altitudes above 10 meters)
• Modern Wind Instruments
• For Direct Surface Observations
• Anemometer
• Wind Vane

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ASOS Wind InstrumentsWind Vane (left) Cup
Anemometer (right)
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Aerovane Measures wind speed direction
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B. ANEMOMETRY (cont.)

• Modern Wind Instruments
• For Direct Surface Observations
• Anemometer
• Wind Vane
• For Indirect wind measurements aloft (Kites,
  radiosondes, radar, satellites)

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B. ANEMOMETRY (cont.)

• Modern Wind Instruments
• For Direct Surface Observations
• Anemometer
• Wind Vane
• For Indirect wind measurements aloft to
  include

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Kites
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Pilot Balloons
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Radiosonde
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Green Bay Radiosonde Sounding Tues. PM.
Tropopause
Jet Stream
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Upper Tropospheric Jet Stream Tues. PM300 mb
Level or 9500 m altitude
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Doppler Weather Radar See Pg. 344-351 Moran
Morgan (1997)
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Example of Doppler Radar Displays during Tornado
Event Oklahoma City 3 May 1999
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Wind Profiler (FSL)See Pg. 352 Moran Morgan
(1997)
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Recent 24-hr Wind Profiler Data Blue River, WI
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Wind Profilers
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Satellite Derived Winds Aloft SSEC
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C. SCALES OF ATMOSPHERIC MOTION

• Importance of Scale
• The Scales
• Planetary Scale
• Macro or Synoptic Scale
• Meso Scale - Organized Turbulence
• Micro Scale - Turbulence or specifically....

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C. CHARACTERISTIC SCALES of ATMOSPHERIC MOTION

• Importance of Scale
• The Scales (from Table 9.2, Moran Morgan)
• Scale Interaction

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Atmospheric Scales (from the Weather Doctor)