Continuing from last time: Receptors

1
Continuing from last time Receptors
2 types of acetylcholine receptors
same ligand different response
Glutamate
Non-NMDA
Mg
2 types of glutamate receptors
NMDA
Removal of Mg
Adapted from fig 21-40
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Biaxial Model of bipolar affective disorders
Most simply, manic states are here understood as
the clinical expression, at one point in time,
of excessive synaptic neurochemical capacity
within the primary affective system, and
depressive states as the clinical expression of
neurotransmitter depletion Askland and
Parsons (2006)
Combination of neuroelectrical and neurochemical
phenotypesdetermines the range and tonicity of
an individuals affect
Neuroelectrical and neurochemical phenotypes?
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Moving On
Neurotransmitters Neurotransmitter
receptors
Soluble
Transmembrane
Synaptic signaling requires protein
receptors and peptide- derived signals How do
you make a protein? How do you get a protein
where it needs to be?
Biaxial Model of bipolar affective
disorders Combination of neuroelectrical and
neurochemical phenotypes Determines the range and
tonicity of an individuals affect
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Questions
Part I soluble neuropeptide From DNA to protein
What is the central dogma? How would a
neuropeptide get made (in general terms)? What
are the basic parts of DNA, RNA, and proteins?
What is the difference between hnRNA, mRNA and
tRNA?
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Synthesis overview
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What carries the information?
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Polymerization of nucleotides
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Genes
The entire nucleic acid sequence necessary for
the synthesis of a functional polypeptide
MCB, p285
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Components of a Eukaryotic Gene
What are the parts or regions of a gene? How
are they organized?
Do genes always encode RNAs?
Do genes always encode RNAs that encode proteins?
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Questions
How does RNA polymerase work and what does it
make? How does it know where to start and stop?
How does a ribosome work and what does it make?
How does it know where to start and stop? If
the DNA in every cell in your body is the same
why don't your adipose (fat) cells secrete
epinephrine? If the DNA contains all of the
information why doesn't the ribosome just
'read' it? Why have intermediate steps?
Looking at RNA ECB2 7.1
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Making a cytosolic protein Step 1--transcribe
Genes encode proteins
Why use an RNA step?
Major steps in process Initiation, Elongation
and Termination animation
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Initiation
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DNA-RNA interactions
Watching Transcription EBC2 7.2
Adapted from Life Purves 6thed
http//www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/
molgenetics/transcription.swf
Check out
http//www.johnkyrk.com/DNAtranscription.html
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Synthesis overview
And then there was a)Processing b)Translation