Managing Human Resources in Organizations

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Managing Human Resourcesin Organizations
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Human Resource Management HR/HRM

• Activities directed at attracting, developing,
  and maintaining an effective workforce
• Focus on human capital
• Can have substantial impact on bottom line

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Legal Environment

• EEO Equal Employment Opportunity - 1964
• Outlaws discrimination
• Can not have an adverse impact on
  minorities/women
• Age Discrimination Act 1967/86
• Outlaws discrimination against people over 40
• Americans with Disabilities Act 1991
• Can not discriminate and must provide reasonable
  accommodations
• Government does mandate some preferrences
• E.g. affirmative action for Vietnam vets

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Legal Environment

• Fair Labor Standards Act 1938
• Sets min wage and requires overtime for
  non-exempt employees working over 40 hours
• Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993
• Must provide up to 12 weeks unpaid leave
• National Labor Relations Act 1935
• Procedure for voting for unions
• Taft-Hartley Act 1947
• Increased management rights in a strike
• OSHA 1970
• Must obey safety and health standards of DoL

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Legal Environment

• Sexual harassment
• Whistle blower protection

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Attracting Human Resources

• Planning
• Job analysis
• Forecasting demand
• Losses
• Needs
• Succession planning (replacement)
• Matching needs to staff
• Skills inventory database
• The practical aspects

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Recruiting

• Internal recruiting
• Post openings, often required
• External recruiting
• Walk-ins becoming rarer
• Internet
• Job fairs
• Campus recruiting (including internships)
• Advertising

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Recruiting - Selection

• Applications
• Tests
• Interviews
• Many styles
• 3-step
• Assessment centers
• Formal method of evaluation
• Check references!!
• Other
• Drug tests
• Background checks

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Training

• Assess training needs
• Study or survey
• Training methods
• Classroom
• Online
• External
• Job rotation
• Corporate university

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Performance Appraisal

• Formal evaluation and feedback
• Time period varies
• Methods
• Ranking
• 1 to N or put into buckets
• Rating
• Evaluate based upon scales
• 360-degree feedback
• Issues
• Recency error
• Halo error (works both ways)

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Performance Feedback

• One-on-one meeting
• Give written feedback
• Have employee acknowledge feedback (sign)

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Compensation

• Wages vs. salary
• Many different structures
• Base and bonus structures
• Wage determination
• How much is a job worth?
• Supply and demand
• Ratio of CEO to lowest person
• Square root of two approach
• Individual wages
• Often based upon performance review
• Seniority vs. merit

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Benefits

• Traditional plans
• Cafeteria/flex plans
• Benchmarking
• Unusual benefits
• On-site day care
• Free coffee/sodas
• Free meals
• Gyms
• Tickets to events
• Corporate discounts
• Etc.

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Labor Relations

• Employees form unions
• Simple majority of those voting
• Collective bargaining
• Negotiation of a contract
• Seniority vs. merit
• Grievance procedure
• Union tools
• Picket
• Strike
• Management tools
• Lockout

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Challenges

• Knowledge workers
• May be hard to attract and retain
• Need continual skill upgrading
• Temporary workers
• Flexible
• Can hire/fire as conditions change
• Can get expertise when needed
• Question of how to manage and integrate
• One-year IRS rule