Presentation to University Council August 28, 2006

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Presentation to University CouncilAugust 28, 2006
Utility Systems Upgrade

• Washington University
• Facilities Planning Management

2
Situation in 1992

• Utility systems could not support future building
  growth.
• Utility infrastructure was obsolete and
  inefficient.
• Central steam plant was coal fired, labor
  intensive and environmentally unfriendly.
• Steam losses exceeded steam loads during summer
  operation (D).
• Electrical capacity was near its limit.
• Electrical distribution was unreliable.
• Many buildings were not air conditioned (D).

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Objectives

• Increase the reliability and capacity of the
  utility systems.
• Update the systems technology.
• Reduce energy consumption and operating cost.
• Environmentally friendly.
• Accomplish changes with least disruption and cost.

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Historical Building Growth
Maximum 5,800,000 Sq. Ft. (Anticipated Year 2014)

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Historical Building Growth

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Recent Future Building Growth
Anticipated Campus Maximum
22
53
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Recent Building Growth
51
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Plan

• Energy conservation and reduce operating cost.
• Air condition all buildings (D).
• Shut down central steam plant in summer (D).
• Stop burning coal.
• Replace single high pressure steam plant with
  distributed low pressure plants located near
  loads (D).
• Install computer based campus energy management
  system.
• Increase electrical capacity and improve
  reliability.
• Design for maximum flexibility and future growth.

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Utility Projects Capital Spending
Overall Total 138.8MM
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Execution - Past Projects at Danforth Campus
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Execution - Past Projects at Danforth Campus
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Execution - Current Projects at Danforth Campus
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Execution - Future Projects at Danforth Campus
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Execution - Past Projects at Medical Campus
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Execution - Past Projects at Medical Campus
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Execution - Past Projects at Medical Campus
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Execution - Current Projects at Medical Campus
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Execution - Future Projects at Medical Campus
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Natural Gas Situation
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January 2007 NG Futures Price (4/04 Current)
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Natural Gas Load Profile Danforth Campus
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Natural Gas Load Profile South 40
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Natural Gas Monthly Usage Danforth Campus
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Natural Gas Usage Danforth Campus
Net Building Area
4,437 HDD
4,005 HDD
4,123 HDD
4,090 HDD
4,127 HDD
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Natural Gas Usage Medical Campus
Net Building Area
4,437 HDD
4,005 HDD
4,123 HDD
4,090 HDD
4,127 HDD
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Natural Gas Unit Cost
.1.00
.352
.582
.559
.597
.606
.727
.684
.904
.333
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Total Natural Gas Cost
1,270,821
2,293,075
2,092,845
4,462,266
2,392,532
4,505,297
2,954,444
4,927,082
4,100,299
6,678,486
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Electrical Energy Profile Danforth Campus
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Electrical Demand Profile Danforth Campus
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Electrical Usage Danforth Campus
Net Building Area
1,707 CDD
1,534 CDD
1,741 CDD
1,833 CDD
1,683 CDD
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Electrical Usage Medical Campus
Net Building Area
1,707 CDD
1,683 CDD
1,741 CDD
1,534 CDD
1,833 CDD
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Electrical Overall Unit Cost
.043
.049
.041
.045
.039
.046
.038
.044
.038
.044
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Total Electrical Cost
4,197,475
7,358,007
4,305,451
6,778,195
6,550,343
4,229,870
4,275,346
6,542,020
4,386,394
6,555,626
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Overall Energy Usage Danforth CampusVs.Peer
Institutions
CAPPA Region Average (190.8 MMBTU per 1,000 GSF)
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Overall Energy Usage Medical CampusVs.FY92
Usage
Medical Campus FY1992 (702 MMBTU per 1,000 GSF)
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Cost Control Strategies

• Minimize energy usage to maximum extent.
• Pursue justifiable energy conservation projects.
• Utilize financial instruments for purchasing
  energy.
• Keep manpower at minimum levels.

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Energy Conservation Methods

• Use of energy efficient lights (T8) and high
  efficiency ballasts (Green Lights Program).
• Design for 2 watts/ft2 maximum interior lighting.
• Design for 20 btuh/ft2 maximum interior cooling
  and 15 btu/ft2 maximum interior heating loads.
• Use of energy efficient motors for fans and
  pumps.
• Use of variable speed drives on fans, pumps and
  chillers to match motor speed to the load.
• Use of cooling tower fan staging and/or variable
  speed fans to achieve condenser water temperature
  setpoints with minimum fan energy.
• Automatically lower condenser water temperature
  setpoints during winter, to improve chiller
  efficiencies.
• Operate minimum number of loop chillers to
  maintain maximum 50 F loop temperature, thus
  minimizing electrical consumption.
• Use of outside air/exhaust air heat recovery
  (glycol run around and heat wheels) to
  pre-condition ventilation air.
• Use of photocells and timers on street lighting
  to automatically turn lights off during daylight
  hours.
• Decentralization of main Power Plant boilers and
  conversion to low-pressure steam, to improve
  thermal efficiencies.
• Boiler conversion from coal fired to high
  efficiency gas fired boilers.
• Summer shut-down of main Power Plant to reduce
  gas consumption.
• Use of minimum ventilation air for labs and
  offices.
• Use of 60-fpm fume hoods, in lieu of 100-fpm fume
  hoods, which lowers ventilation air heating and
  cooling loads.
• Use of CO2 demand ventilation in large assembly
  spaces.
• Use of low-e glass and shading devices to
  minimize solar loads.
• Clean boiler and chiller tubes annually.
• Water treatment program to minimize scale on
  boiler and chiller tubes. 

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Challenges Moving Forward

• Increasing capacity demands.
• Increasing reliability demands.
• Aging infrastructure.
• Rising utility costs, particularly natural gas.
• Stricter environmental compliance.
• Limited manpower.

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Results Conclusions

• Through major building growth period, utility
  usage has remained essentially flat over last few
  years primarily due to cost reduction measures,
  updated technologies and improved efficiencies.
• Capacity has kept up with demand.
• Reliability has improved and will continue to
  improve as further upgrades are implemented.
• Continued utility investment will be needed to
  keep up with future building growth, to keep
  costs at a minimum and to provide reliable energy
  sources to the University.