PLANTS

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• PLANTS

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WHAT IS A PLANT?

• Characteristics
• Autotrophs - they make their own food by
  photosynthesis
• Multicellular eukaryotes - have a nucleus
• Cells surrounded by a cell wall made of cellulose

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PHOTOSYNTHESIS

• Plants are able to transform Water and Carbon
  Dioxide into Glucose and Oxygen.
• Plants must be able to capture the suns energy
  to conduct photosynthesis
• CO2 H2O C6H12O6 O2

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PARTS OF A PLANT

• Leaves
• get energy from the sun
• Stem
• holds plant upright
• Roots
• get water and minerals

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ORIGINS OF LAND PLANTS

• Earths water was filled with green algae.
• First land plants believed to be mosses.
• Very delicate - no fossil record exists.

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EXAMPLES OF PLANTS

• Simple Plants - Non-Vascular
• Algae
• Mosses

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EXAMPLES OF PLANTS

• Land Plants - Vascular
• Vascular Tissue - Xylem Phloem
• First Simple Plants
• Ferns
• Cycads
• Ginkgo
• Conifers

• Flowering plants
• Daisies
• Redwood tree
• Onions

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FERNS
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CYCADS
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ADAPTATIONS OF PLANTS

• Prevent water loss
• have waxy layer - Cuticle
• Make own food
• Conduct photosynthesis - chloroplasts / stoma.
• Water for photosynthesis
• roots - absorb water / minerals
• stems - transport water / food
• Reproduce without water
• seed / spore - protection of embryo

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CUTICLE

• Waxy layer on the outside of the leaf
• Prevents water loss
• Acts like Chapstick

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CHLOROPLASTS

• Chloroplasts - contain pigment chlorophyll,
  captures the sunlights energy
• Photosynthesis occurs in the membranes of the
  chlorophyll.

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STOMAS GUARD CELLS

• Stomas - openings in the bottom of leaf.
• Guard cells surround it and open close to allow
  CO2 to enter.
• Water Vapor lost

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GYMNOSPERMS VS. ANGIOSPERMS

• Gymnosperms
• Vascular plant
• Produces seeds in cones
• Many have needles instead of leaves
• May be the oldest of advanced vascular plant
• 700 types

• Angiosperms
• Vascular plant
• Produces seeds in flowers
• Seeds enclosed by a fruit
• Made up of Monocots (90,00 types) and Dicots
  (185,00 types)

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GYMNOSPERMS
Conifers ( evergreen)
Needles
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MALE OR POLLEN CONES

• Pollen cone produces the male sex part
• Pollen Grain
• which contains sperm cell
• Travel by wind

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FEMALE OR SEED CONES

• Seed cone produces the female sex part
• Eggs inside
• Seeds produced when eggs are fertilized by pollen
  grain from pollen cone