Response of Juvenile Rainbow Trout to Pesticides in Surface Waters within Urban Streams in Western W

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Response of Juvenile Rainbow Trout to Pesticides
in Surface Waters within Urban Streams in Western
Washington
Christie Shavey
Sara Bogard, Jacki Bricker, Erin Lowery, Cara
Menard University of Washington, School of
Aquatic and Fishery Sciences FISH 455 / ESC 457
Cat Curran Martin Grassley
Chris Grue University of Washington, Washington
Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit
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Pesticide Usage

• Pesticide Concentrations in Surface Waters
• Salmonids
• Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
• Organophosphates
• Carbamates

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Objective To determine effects of a chemical
cocktail representative of that reported in storm
waters flows in Western Washington on brain
acetylcholinesterase activity, behavior and
survival of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus
mykiss) Endpoints Mortality
Behavior Changes in AChE activity
Photo by M. Lorenzoni
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Chemical Cocktail
Maximum Concentration Values
Name Nominal Concentration (ppb) Atrazine
0.02 2,4-D 3.30 Dicamba 0.09 Dichlobeni
l 0.54 MCPA 0.38 MCPP 0.77 Prometon
0.19 Simazine 4.99 Triclopyr 2.70 Carb
aryl 0.21 Diazinon 0.43 Malathion 0.22
Pentachlorophenol 0.13 4-nitrophenol 0.29
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Available Products at Retail Stores
Photo by M. Grassley
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Photos by M. Grassley
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Testing

• Two Tests Conducted
• Replicates of 10 / concentration
• Test 1
• Control 1x original chemical cocktail
• n 20
• Test 2
• Control, 1x, 3.3x 10x original chemical
  cocktail
• n 10

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Testing

• Followed U.S. EPA Protocols for Static 96-hour
  Toxicity Tests
• Fish Loading 1.25 L / g
• Average Fish Length / Weight
• Test 1 Length 9.7 cm / Weight 10.38 g
• Test 2 Length 9.8 cm / Weight 10.62 g

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Environmental Chamber
Photos by M. Grassley
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Methods
Fish Behavior
Water Quality
Photos by M. Grassley
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Actual Chemical Concentrations
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Methods
Brain Assay
Photos by M. Grassley
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Water Quality Data Results
Meets EPA requirements Temp 12 2oC DO
5 mg/L pH 6 - 8
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Brain Cholinesterase Results Test 2
AChE Activity in Juvenile Rainbow Trout Exposed
to Chemical Cocktail
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Fish Behavior Results Test 2

Percent Responding


Key Active Lethargic
Dead
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Interpretations

• Maximum Concentrations ? Concentrations in
  Streams
• Brain Cholinesterase Inhibition
• 1x No
• 3.3x 10x Yes
• Fish Behavioral Effects

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2,4-D Unfiltered
Geometric Mean 0.206 ppb 95 CI 0.145
0.295
Maximum 3.30 ppb
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Prometon Filtered
Geometric Mean 0.022 ppb 95 CI 0.016
0.029
Maximum 0.19
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LC50 Values for Rainbow Trout
Name 1x Concentration LC50 (ppb) Atrazine
0.02 4,000
(18,000-32,000) 2,4-D 3.30 gt100,000 Dicamba
0.09 28,000 Dichlobenil 0.54 6,260
(4,680-8,370) MCPA 0.38 gt10,000 MCPP 0.77
124,800 Prometon 0.19 20,000 Simazine 4.9
9 gt100,000 Triclopyr 2.70 gt100,000 Carbaryl
0.21 1,950 (1450-2630) Diazinon 0.43 90 Ma
lathion 0.22 200 (160-240) Pentachlorophenol
0.13 115 (108-122) 4-nitrophenol 0.29 3,800
Indicates different species
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If this is the case
Why did we see mortality?
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Chemical Interactions
Synergism /or Potentiation
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Summary

• No brain inhibition at 1x
• Brain inhibition of 23 at 3.3x 84 at 10x
• Apparent change in behavior at 1x, 3.3x 10x
• Potential chemical interactions resulting in
  brain cholinesterase mortality
• Concentrations tested were 1-2 orders of
  magnitude greater than average field
  concentrations

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Future Research

• Chemical interactions
• Survival reproduction of adult coho

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Acknowledgements
We thank the USGS Cooperative Units Program, the
School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences and the
Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research
Unit. The unit is financially supported by the
USGS, University of Washington, Washington State
University and the Washington Departments of
Ecology, Fish and Wildlife, and Natural
Resources. We also thank Windy Madsen for help
with the toxicity tests and cholinesterase assays.