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Groundwater and Surface water in a Watershed

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Groundwater and Surface water in a Watershed Human Activity * * * * What is Groundwater? Groundwater is water that comes from the ground. Sounds easy, doesn't it? – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Groundwater and Surface water in a Watershed


1
Groundwater and Surface water in a Watershed
  • Human Activity

2
What is Groundwater?
  • Groundwater is water that comes from the ground.
    Sounds easy, doesn't it? Amazingly, many people
    use groundwater but don't even know it. In fact,
    half of everyone in the United States drinks
    groundwater everyday! Groundwater is even used to
    irrigate crops which grow food for tonight's
    dinner.

3
Where Does Groundwater Come From?
  • Groundwater comes from rain, snow, sleet, and
    hail that soaks into the ground. The water moves
    down into the ground because of gravity, passing
    between particles of soil, sand, gravel, or rock
    until it reaches a depth where the ground is
    filled, or saturated, with water. The area that
    is filled with water is called the saturated zone
    and the top of this zone is called the water
    table. Makes sense, doesn't it? The top of the
    water is a table! The water table may be very
    near the ground's surface or it may be hundreds
    of feet below.

4
Do YOU Live on a Watershed?
  • Do ya? Huh? Do ya???
  • What do you think of when you hear the term
    watershed?

5
Watershed Diagram
6
What is a Watershed?
  • Watershed- the land area from which surface
    runoff drains into a stream channel, lake,
    reservoir, or other body of water also called
    a drainage basin. A BASIN is the entire
    geographical area drained by a major river and
    its intersecting streams.
  • In every watershed, small streams flow into
    larger streams, which flow into rivers, lakes,
    and bays. The smallest streams at the outer
    limits of a watershed are called headwaters.
    Headwaters are the source and upper part of a
    stream.

7
What is a Watershed?
  • These headwater streams have no tributaries and
    are called first order streams. All other streams
    have tributaries. Second order streams form when
    first order streams meet.A tributary is a stream
    that flows into a larger stream or other body of
    water.

8
Do WE Live on a Watershed?
  • All land is a part of some watershed! Not only do
    streams and rivers flow to a collecting basin,
    but so too do the impacts that humans have upon
    those waterbodies. Human activities that impact
    the quality of the river water flowing into a
    basin also impact the basin itself.

9
YOUR Watershed!
  • http//cfpub.epa.gov/surf/huc.cfm?huc_code1210030
    4

This is your watershed.
10
Think About This
  • Think about this have you ever dug a hole in
    sand next to an ocean or lake? What happens? As
    you're digging, you eventually reach water,
    right? That water is groundwater. The water in
    lakes, rivers, or oceans is called surface
    water...it's on the surface. Groundwater and
    surface water sometimes trade places. Groundwater
    can move through the ground and into a lake or
    stream. Water in a lake can soak down into the
    ground and become groundwater.

11
Where is Groundwater Stored?
  • Groundwater is stored in the ground in materials
    like gravel or sand. It's kind of like the earth
    is a big sponge holding all that water. Water can
    also move through rock formations like sandstone
    or through cracks in rocks.An area that holds a
    lot of water, which can be pumped up with a well,
    is called an aquifer. Wells pump groundwater from
    the aquifer and then pipes deliver the water to
    cities, houses in the country, or to crops.

12
How Does Groundwater Fit in the Water Cycle?
  • The water cycle is also known as the hydrologic
    cycle- the same water is cycled on earth since
    the beginning of time.
  • Where does this water come from?

13
How does the water cycle all begin?
  • The water cycle has no beginning or ending point.
  • The Sun plays a major role in the water cycle.
  • The Sun drives the water cycle.

14
Steps of the water cycle
  • 1) Evaporation- happens when heat is added to
    water molecules and causes them to slowly
    transform from liquid into vapor.
  • What phase change occurs?
  • 2) Condensation- water vapor travels up into the
    atmosphere and condenses, forming clouds.
  • 3) Precipitation- Water vapor in the clouds
    condense more and more until they form water
    droplets. The clouds get heavy and cause the
    droplets to fall as rain, sleet, snow, or hail.

15
Steps of the water cycle
  • 4) Infiltration/Runoff- Infiltration means water
    soaks into the ground (called recharge). Runoff
    is when water flows from high points of ground to
    low points, due to gravity.
  • Down, down, down the water goes through the soil
    until it becomes groundwater and is stored in the
    aquifer below.Once the water has joined the
    aquifer, it doesnt stop there. The groundwater
    slowly moves through the spaces and cracks
    between the soil particles on its journey to
    lower elevations. This movement of water
    underground is called groundwater
    flow.Eventually, after years of underground
    movement, the groundwater comes to a discharge
    area where it enters a lake or stream. There, the
    water will once again be evaporated and begin the
    cycle again. Water has been transported through
    the water cycle for millions of years and will
    continue this cycle forever. In the water cycle,
    water is constantly on the move.  

16
Draw and Label Animation of the Water Cycle
17
Click on this page and listen..
  • http//www.epa.gov/safewater/kids/flash/flash_wate
    rcycle.html

18
What Happens to Groundwater?
  • Most groundwater is clean, but groundwater can
    become polluted, or contaminated. It can become
    polluted from leaky underground tanks that store
    gasoline, leaky landfills, or when people apply
    too much fertilizer or pesticides on their fields
    or lawns. When pollutants leak, spill, or are
    carelessly dumped on the ground they can move
    through the soil.Because it is deep in the
    ground, groundwater pollution is generally
    difficult and expensive to clean up. Sometimes
    people have to find new places to dig a well
    because their own became contaminated.

19
Human Activity
  • Human activities commonly affect the
    distribution, quantity, and chemical quality of
    water resources.
  • Human activity can include agriculture, urban
    development and industry, drainage of low-lying
    areas, construction of levees, dams, or
    reservoirs and removal of vegetation from flood
    plains.

20
Agriculture
  • Irrigation removes groundwater or surface water
    for use on crops then carries it away.
  • Chemicals, pesticides or fertilizers, are applied
    to croplands and eventually make their way into
    watersheds can lead to an overgrowth of algae in
    water.

21
Urban Development
  • Discharge from sewage-treatment plants,
    industrial facilities, and storm water drains,
    leaking fluid storage tanks, septic tanks, and
    landfills can also add to the contamination.
  • Urbanization changes rain run-off from its
    original path.

22
Quiz Time
Which of the following sets of equipment can be
used to analyze the effects of human activity on
a watershed? A water testing kit, triple beam
balance B water testing kit, hand lens,
notebook C water testing kit, beaker, hotplate D
hot plate, beaker, graduated cylinder
23
Discuss this with each other
  • A small stream runs through the center of a
    residential neighborhood. Water enters the stream
    from a series of storm drains in the area. For
    many years, the shape of the streambed, the
    amount of water, and the species of wildlife have
    remained stable however, there has been an
    increase in building in the area. New homes, new
    streets, and new storm drains have impacted the
    area.
  • Describe what effect the changes will likely have
    on the stream.

24
  • Palo Duro Canyon, often called the Grand
  • Canyon of Texas, is located in the Panhandle.
  • The steep walls and deep caves of the canyon
  • were most likely carved by
  • A years of prevailing winds from the Rocky
    Mountains
  • B deforestation by early settlers
  • C water erosion from a fork of the Red River
  • D continuous, intense rainfall over long periods
    of time

25
Finally youre finished!
  • Hope you got all this great information on
    watersheds and the water cycle.
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