(Illustrative example of a good team power poin

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Politics the Shaping Paris in the Fifth Republic

• (Illustrative example of a good team power point
  presentation)

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Charles de Gaulle First President of the Fifth
Republic

• New constitution (1958) strengthened the
  presidency
• Other reforms
• Education
• Social security
• Stabilized currency
• Gaullist are one of the two main political
  currents in France

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Gaullist Plans for Development of Paris

• 1960s stimulate the citys emergence as a major
  international metropolis.
• 1960- PADOG was adopted
• 1965- Schema Directeur became official policy
• Goals
• Change traffic patterns
• Create signature buildings that glorified French
  culture

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Francois Maurice Mitterrand

• Served as French President 1981-1995
• Socialist
• Favored a less ambitious plan
• Overriding goal to leave his personal mark on
  the Paris landscape

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Developmental Impact Mitterands Projects on Paris

• Newly constructed landmarks transformed the city
  into an international metropolis
• Paris became an important center of culture and
  the arts
• Projects initiated by Mitterrand are some of the
  more famous landmarks in France today

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Gaullists initially opposed
Mitterrand's Projects
BUT WHY???
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Political Orientations Different from those of
Mitterands Socialists

• Gaullist view of functions of urban environment
  of Paris
• reinforce French centralism
• Reinforce perceptions of French dominance in
  Western Europe
• Proclaim French power on the international scene
• Serve as a counter to U.S. power and influence

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Why did the Gaullists decide to support
Mitterands Projects?

• Militarily and economically France could not rise
  above the status of a second rank power
• Signature projects proclaimed the cultural the
  grandeur of French culture to all of Europe
• Projects created resources for dispensing
  patronage

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Le Grands Travaux

• The Louvre

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Mitterands Grandest Project

• Mitterrand hand picked American architect I.P.
  Pei to design the remodel of the famous Louvre
• Opposed by the conservative French at first
  review
• Mitterrand willed the project through the French
  government

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French National Library (Bibliothèque de France)
French National Library (Bibliothèque de France)
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• Commissioned by Mitterrand after the success of
  the Louvre project.
• Designed by Dominique Perrault.
• Cost 1.5 billion U.S.
• Chosen for its grandeur and open spaces.

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Controversy

• Problems with glass construction
• Problems with staffing
• Exorbitant costs

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La Grande Arche
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La Grande Arche as Cultural Expression

• Designer Johann Otto von Spreckelsen
• Over 350 feet tall
• Victory arches of the past merged with the
  economy and culture of the present
• Over 95,000 square meters of office space
• Popular with French nationalists

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Musée du Quai Branly, a large, eye-catching
building costing 295 million and devoted
entirely to non-Western art.

• Museum's stated goal to treat non-Western art
  with the same deference that, the Louvre gives to
  Greek, Roman and Renaissance art

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Musée du Quai Branly (2006)

• Stands on a prime piece of real estate,
• Left Bank of the Seine,
• One block from the Eiffel Tower.
• Founded upon conviction of the equal dignity of
  the cultures of the world (President Jaques
  Chirac)
• A cultural monument to Chiracs two terms in
  office?

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Question for Class Discussion

• 1) In what ways do the French ruling classes
  associate architectural grandeur with
  nationalism?
• 2) What are the most important differences in the
  kind of architectural projects favored by the
  Gaullists and Socialists
• To what extent do you think that ordinary
  Frenchmen experience the feelings of the ruling
  elites when they experience the architectural
  grandeur of Paris?