Kingdom Plantae

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Kingdom Plantae
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What Were Learning

• Essential Question
• Would life on Earth exist without plants?

• Objectives
• Explain what a plant is
• Describe what plants need to survive
• Describe how the first plants evolved

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Classifying Plants

• Domain Eukarya
• Kingdom Plantae
• Cell type Eukaryote
• Cell structure Cell wall with cellulose,
  chloroplasts
• Cell number Multicellular
• Mode of reproduction Sexual, Asexual
• Mode of nutrition Autotrophs
• Habitat Live almost anywhere in any climate in
  water, on land, desert, rainforest, arctic, etc.
• Examples mosses, ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms

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Characteristics of All Plants

• Carry out Photosynthesis.
• Need for Survival
• Sunlight
• Water and Minerals
• Gas exchange (Carbon Dioxide)
• Movement of water and nutrients

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4 groups of Plantae

• 1. Bryophyta- mosses, short, no vascular tissue,
  get water by osmosis
• 2. Seedless vascular plants ferns, xylem
  phloem move fluids, life cycle includes spores
• 3. Gymnosperms- conifers, naked seeds on cones
• 4. Angiosperms- flowering plants, enclosed seeds
  in ovary, largest group most diverse group

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Bryophyta - mosses
Seedless vascular - ferns
Angiosperm - have flowers
Gymnosperm- have cones
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Cone-bearing plants760 species
Floweringplants235,000 species
Ferns andtheir relatives11,000 species
Mosses andtheir relatives15,600 species
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Angiosperms

• Can be divided as
• Monocot vs. dicot
• Woody vs. herbaceous
• Annuals, biennials, perennials

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Monocots
Dicots
Seeds
Leaves
Flowers
Stems
Roots
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Roots, Stems, Leaves

• Roots absorb water, anchor plant
• Stems make leaves, support system, transport
  system
• Leaves photosynthesis, gas exchange,
  transpiration

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Vascular Tissue

• Transports fluids and nutrients
• Xylem- carries water roots to leaves
• Remember WXYZ
• Wwater
• XYxylem
• Zxylem pronounced zylem
• Phloem- carries food, (ph?f), leaves to root
• Remember Ph ? f, food

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Reproduction

• Gymnosperms
• male pollen cones
• female seed cones
• Seeds are reproductive organs

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Angiosperm Reproduction

1. Pollen lands on stigma, sends pollen tube to
   ovary
2. Male gametophyte fertilizes female gametophyte,
   embryo forms
3. Embryo is protected by ovary - becomes a fruit
4. Endosperm forms from polar bodies in ovary and
   2nd male gametophyte in pollen

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Seed Dispersal

• Wind water scatter seeds
• Animals eating fruit

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Other facts

• Seeds can remain dormant until conditions are
  right for germination.
• Plants can reproduce by growth of plantlets,
  cuttings, and grafting

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Plant Responses and Adaptations

• Tropisms are responses to external
  stimuligravity, touch, lightphototropism
• Plants have adapted to all types of
  conditionswater, salt, deserts, cold, etc.

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