Computer Science needs a code of ethics such as the ACM Code

1
Computer Science needs a code of ethics such as
the ACM Code

• because

2
Non Sequitur

• Since people dont obey laws like traffic laws,
  they will not obey a code of ethics

3

• Because a part of a code is problematic (abiding
  by international laws), a code is useless.

4
Computer Science (does not) need(s) a code of
ethics such as the ACM Code

• because

5
Toulmin Structure Summary

• Claim Your thesis issue in dispute and on which
  you are taking a stand.
• NASA should launch a human expedition to Mars
• Reason A statement that supports your claim. It
  can be connected to the Claim with the word
  because. Different audiences will find different
  reasons to be persuasive.
• NASA should launch a human expedition to Mars
  because Americans need a unifying national goal.
• Warrant The logical, persuasive connection
  between claim and reasons. The unstated
  assumption your audience has to buy into.
• What unifies the nation ought to be a national
  priority.
• Backing The evidence that allows you to support
  a warrant.
• Americans want to be part of something bigger
  than themselves.
• A country as diverse as the U.S. needs common
  purposes and values to hold it together.
• In the past, common enterprises enabled most
  Americans to work toward common goals.
• Grounds The evidence that allows you to support
  a reason.
• The American people are politically divided.
• A common challenge or problem often unites people
  to accomplish great things.

6
applying the principles worked out by scientists
to the making of real products discovering such
principles in the first place
Science vs. Technology
7
Logical Positivism

• Science gives us all world Truths
• Scientific Method Inductive logic
• Theories generalize (explain) Laws
• Laws generalize (explain) FACTS
• The goal of science is to find Truth

8
Science vs. TechnologyTraditional View

• Science explains,
• why things work
• Technology (applies) shows how things work,
• how to do

9
PragmatismPhilosophy of Technology

• E.g. John Dewey
• Inverts the pyramid
• Theory is NOT Truth
• Theory is not an end in itself, but a means
• Theory is a kind of technology

10

• science is an inductive and theoretical process
• one examines many actual instances in the real
  world to find a general structure for those
  instances.
• The development of technology, involves a
  deductive or tool-making mentality,
• specific applications of general principles
• the best way to distinguish
• science is concerned with why things work,
• technology is concerned with how to make
  something work (how to do something).

11

• technology (Jacques Ellul)
• all systematic techniques -- all searches for
  the most efficient way of doing
• the scientific method
• itself is actually one example of a technique.
• But can science be reduced to a SINGLE thing
  (technique)

12

• No body of knowledge can ever be known to be
  complete.
• No technology can be absolutely known to be the
  most efficient possible.

13
Summary

• The popular conception that science discovers and
  technology applies reverses the dependency of the
  two.
• Technique (efficient methodology) encompasses
  both
• science (one particular technique) and
• technology or engineering (efficient product
  development).
• Incorrect to assume that at any given time the
  most efficient methods have been discovered--or
  even that an optimum technique for something
  exists at all.

14

Science and Technology are different kinds of
Technique

• Places science and technology
• in a spectrum of related human activities
• demystifies them
• Challenges the belief that
• technique inevitably progresses
• to all-encompassing final goals.
• Provides a realistic view of science and
  technological development.

15
Pragmatism and design

• Pragmatism assumes that knowledge and technology
  is socially situated (practical, purposeful).
• scientific theories and logic are tools
  (techniques) used in a certain human practice.
• better philosophical basis for computer science
  education than the rationalism that underlies
  most training.
• The rationalist attitudes concentrate on logic
  and theory rather than attention to the needs of
  computer users.
• Interface I/O metaphors guide users
• Desktop, folders, menus,
• Affordance naturally suggested function