ESP COURSE (English for Specific Purposes) for Class Teachers (3-4, 5-6)

1
ESP COURSE(English for Specific Purposes)for
Class Teachers(3-4, 5-6)

• Vera Savic, MA
• Lecturer in English
• Faculty of Education in Jagodina
• University of Kragujevac
• vera.savic_at_pefja.kg.ac.rs

2
Phonology

• The study of the sound features used in a
  language to communicate meaning
• Sound features in English
• Phonemes
• Word stress
• Sentence stress
• intonation

3
Phoneme, phonemic symbol phonemic script

• The smallest unit of sound that has meaning in a
  language
• Symbol used to represent only one phoneme
  (different from the letters of the alphabet hat,
  made, usually, what, war, whale)
• Set of phomenic symbols which show how words are
  pronounced (dictionaries)
• IPA International Phonetic Alphabet

4
English Phonemic Script

• Vowel Phonemes - 20
• Monophthongs - 12
• Diphthongs 8
• Consonants - 24
• Plosives - 6
• Fricatives - 9
• Affricates - 2
• Nasals - 3
• Approximates - 4

5
Silent consonants

• silent p psychology, pneumonia, cupboard,
  receipt
• silent b climb, subtle, doubt
• silent d Wednesday, sandwich, handkerchief
• silent g reign, ought, long
• silent l half, talk, could
• silent k know, knee
• silent n autumn, column
• silent w write, wrong, two, answer, yellow
• silent r word, car, more, bother
• silent h hour, what, ought
• silent c scissors, scene, muscle
• silent s island, aisle

6
Pronunciation and Spelling

• In English the relationship between sound and
  spelling is very complex.
• 200 rules even for the commonist words
• 400 most frequent words have irregular spelling
• Minimal Pair - words distinguished by only one
  phoneme
• ship sheep
• hut hat
• thing think
• chip - ship

• Homophones words which are spelled in different
  ways and have different meanings, but sound the
  same when pronounced
• their there
• heir - air
• knew new
• here - hear
• Homographs words which have the same spelling,
  but with different pronunciations and meaning
• read read
• wind - wind

7
Word Stress, Sentence stress Intonation

• Signs used to show the part of the word which we
  say with greater energy (on its vowel sound)
  maked , _ , .
• Sentence pronunciation one word has main stress
  (the most important word in a sentence) She came
  home late last night.
• The movement of the level of the voice (rising or
  falling) to express emotions and attitudes, to
  emphasise, and to signal the function (statement,
  question, surprise, ...)

8
Intonation tone

• The movement of the level of the voice (rising or
  falling), used
• to emphasise the most strongly stressed word in a
  sentence
• to show the grammatical function of what is being
  said
• to express emotions and attitudes
• The movement of pitch the tone can be
• Falling Sit down.
• Rising Have you got a pen?
• Fall-rise What time does your train leave?
  (confirmation)

9
Intonation (cont.)

• The most usual intonation pattern in English uses
  a falling tone
• to make a short statement She lives in London.
  My names Carlos.
• - in wh-questions Wheres my bag?
• - in commands Sit down.
• - in exclamations to show surprise, anger, or
  give warning Be careful!
• in question tags Youre French, arent you?
  (expecting confirmation)

10
Intonation (cont.)

• The rising tone is used
• to make requests Can we open it?
• to make questions from statements Hes too
  tired?
• in yes/no questions Would you like a lift?
• in clauses or phrases that come before the main
  clause What there is left we will put in the pot
• - in sentences with a question tag Youre
  French, arent you? (less certainty)

11
Tasks

• 1. What do the following groups of words
  illustrate
• yet, be, pale
• by, buy, fight, lie, island
• 2. How many phonemes are there in each of these
  words
• book, flashcard, number, thirteen, morning
• 3. Underline the stressed syllable in each of
  these words
• twenty, monkey, difficult, forget, remember,
  important, complain, medicine, advertisement
• 4. On which word would you put the main stress in
  each of these sentences?
• My name is Julia, not Janet.
• The girl was much taller than her brother. He was
  rather short.