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Concentrating Solar Powerfor Sea Water
Desalination
Franz Trieb German Aerospace Center
(DLR) 12.11.2007
2
Partners
German Aerospace Center (Germany) Dr. Franz
Trieb, Dipl. Geo. Julia Gehrung, Dr. Peter
Viebahn, Dr. Christoph Schillings, Dipl. Phys.
Carsten Hoyer National Energy Research Center
(Jordan) Eng. Malek Kabariti, Waled Shahin, Ammar
Al-Taher University of Aden, (Yemen) Prof. Dr.
Hussein Altowaie University of Sanaa, (Yemen)
Prof. Dr. Towfik Sufian University of Bahrain,
(Bahrain) Prof. Dr. Waheeb Alnaser Prof. Dr.
Abdelaziz Bennouna, formerly at CNR
(Morocco) Intern. Forschungszentrum für
Erneuerbare Energien e.V. (Germany) Dr. Nasir
El-Bassam Kernenergien The Solar Power Company
(Germany) Dipl.-Ing. Jürgen Kern Nokraschy
Engineering GmbH (Germany) Dr.-Ing. Hani
El-Nokraschy Deutsche Gesellschaft Club of Rome
(Germany) Dr. Gerhard Knies, Dr. Uwe Möller House
of Water and Environment (Palestine) Dr. Amjad
Aliewi, Hafez Shaheen Center for Solar Energy
Studies (Libya) Dr. Ibrahim Elhasairi Centre de
Developpement des Energies Renouvelables
(Morocco) Mme. Amal Haddouche (Director
General) University of Bremen (Germany) Dr. Heike
Glade
3
Task Assessment of the Potential of
Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) for Seawater
Desalination for the Urban Centres in 20
Countries of the Middle East and North Africa.
4
Work Packages 1. Technologies (combination of
CSP and desalting technologies) 2. Water
Resources and Solar Energy Resources 3. Demand
Side Scenario 4. Market Potential 2000-2050
5. Socio-Economic Impacts 6. Environmental
Impacts 7. Literature ? Final Report a la
MED-CSP and TRANS-CSP by end 2007
5
WP 1 Technologies Reference Plant Definition
MED Multi-Effect-Distillation RO Reverse
Osmosis Membrane Desalination
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WP 1 Technologies Conclusions

• Base load capability makes CSP best suited
  renewable source for large scale
  desalination
• MSF is the less efficient desalination
  technology with high energy demand
• CSP/MED and CSP/RO have similar technical and
  economic performance, no preference for
  either one can be seen without detailed site
  assessment
• Linear Fresnel collector fields are particularly
  well suited for seawater desalination
• Present cost of CSP desalination between 1 - 2
  /m³
• Medium term cost of 0.2 - 0.3 /m³ is achievable
  in combination with power generation and
  using solar energy storage
• ? CSP technology is ready for the seawater
  desalination market

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WP 2 Resources Exploitable Natural Water
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WP 2 Resources Conclusions

• Water poverty (lt 1000 m³(cap/y) in all except 4
  MENA countries
• Exploitable natural water 328 Bm³/y
• Plenty fossil groundwater but only small part
  exploitable
• Huge solar energy resource available in all MENA
  countries
• ? CSP-Potential for non-conventional water from
  seawater desalination available

9
WP 3 Freshwater Demand Water Demand Prospects by
Country
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WP 3 Freshwater Demand Conclusions

• MENA population will double by 2050
• MENA economies will approximate European level
  by 2050
• Water demand would grow from 270 Bm³/y in 2000
  to 460 Bm³/y in 2050
• Water deficit would increase from 50 Bm³/y in
  2000 to 150 Bm³/y in 2050
• Over-use of groundwater is already above 45
  Bm³/y
• Extreme efficiency could limit deficit to 100
  Bm³/y
• ? Efficiency and new sources will be required to
  cover water deficits

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WP 4 CSP Markets Middle East North Africa
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WP 4 CSP Markets Conclusions

• Sustainable supply must be initiated immediately
  to avoid groundwater collapse
• Increase efficiency of water production,
  distribution, end-use and management
• Increase re-use of waste water
• Start introduction and dissemination of
  CSP-desalination plants
• Over-use of groundwater will increase still from
  45 Bm³/y to 70 Bm³/y in 2020
• Conventional desalination will grow by a factor
  of 5
• ? All measures should be taken to avoid
  groundwater collapse, but CSP is the key to
  sustainability

13
WP 5 Socio-Economic Impacts CSP Learning Curves
_at_ 5 ct/kWh electricity cost
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WP 5 Socio-Economic Impacts Conclusions

• Cost perspective of CSP desalination is
  affordable (lt 0.4 /m³), while that of
  conventional desalination is not
• Efficiency enhancement and desalination are less
  expensive than not acting
• Solar water can avoid dependency on virtual
  water
• CSP desalination can create arable land for
  rural and urban development
• ? CSP desalination is a totally over-looked
  solution to the MENA water crisis

15
WP 6 Environmental Impacts Impact on Global
Warming
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WP 6 Environmental Impacts Conclusions

• Large scale conventional seawater desalination
  would create significant environmental
  impacts
• CSP can reduce energy related emissions to few
  percent
• Beachwell or horizontal drain intake and
  nano-filtration can reduce additives
• Horizontal drain intake can reduce impingement
  and entrainment and horizontal drain
  discharge can avoid concentration of heat and
  salt
• ? Advanced CSP seawater desalination can be
  compatible with the environment