Introduction to Operating Systems

1
Introduction to Operating Systems

• Lesson 14
• Novell Netware 6.0

2
Objectives

• Install NetWare server software 6.0
• Describe Novells network objects.
• Effectively use Novell ConsoleOne to create NDS
  objects.
• Manage a NetWare file system with volumes,
  directories, and files.
• Create NetWare users and groups.
• Secure the NetWare network environment.

3
Pre-installation of Netware 5.1
Minimum Hardware Requirements Recommended
Processor Intel Pentium II or higher processor
Display Super VGA or higher resolution
DOS partition At least 200MB or higher with 200MB of free space
Memory At least 256MB of RAM
Network board One or more network boards
Mouse PS/2 USB or serial mouse
CD-ROM 18X or higher speed CD-ROM drive
4
Other Necessary Tools

• NetWare 6.0 operating system CD
• NetWare 6.0 License and Cryptography diskette
• DOS 3.3 or later (Novell DOS 7 is included on the
  NetWare 6.0 License/Cryptography diskette)
• Do not use the version of DOS that comes with
  Windows 98 or NT.

5
The Three Stages of Installing Netware

1. Creating a DOS partition
2. Text-based portion of setup
3. Graphical portion of setup

6
Novells Network Objects

• NDS (Novell Directory Services) is a global
  database of network objects and users.
• NDS uses a tree structure to organize all network
  objects.
• There are three major objects contained in the
  NDS database
• Root objects
• Container objects
• Leaf objects

7
The Root Object

• The root object is the beginning of the NDS tree.
• All NDS objects exist in the root.
• Each NDS tree can have only one root.

8
The Container Object

• Container objects organize the NDS tree.
• There are four main types of container objects
• Organization objects
• Organizational Unit objects
• Country objects
• Locality objects

9
The Leaf Object

• Leaf objects hold information about network
  resources, such as servers and printers.
• The system creates two leaf objects during
  installation
• The NetWare Server object
• The Admin user object

10
Novell ConsoleOne

• ConsoleOne is an administrative utility that
  provides a single point of administration for
  network resources.
• ConsoleOne requires a 200 MHz or faster
  processor, 128MB of RAM, and 37MB of disk space.

11
Disk Management

• The main components of the NetWare file system
  are
• Volumes
• Directories
• Files

12
Volumes

• Volumes are used to organize the network space
  that is allocated for storing programs and files
  for access by the network.
• The system can use volumes to allocate disk space
  in three ways
• One volume per disk drive
• Multiple volumes per disk drive
• One volume spanning multiple disk drives (up to
  32)

13
Data Storage

• Data is stored in volumes in units called blocks.
• A block is the amount of data read to or written
  from a volume at a time.
• Suballocation allows data from multiple files to
  be stored on the same block.

14
Guidelines for Using Volumes

• Up to 64 volumes are definable on one NetWare
  Server. The following rules apply to volumes
• Volume names must be from 2 to 15 characters
  long.
• Each volume on the server must have a different
  name.
• Spaces, commas, backslashes, and periods are
  invalid characters in volume names.

15
Suggested Guidelines for Using Volumes

• Always reserve the SYS volume for operating
  system files.
• Create one or more volumes for applications and
  data files.
• If fault tolerance is vital, create only one
  volume per disk drive.
• If disk performance is vital, span volumes over
  multiple disk drives.
• If both performance and fault tolerance are
  important, mirror the disk drives

16
Directories

• Directories organize files and restrict the
  amount of space that certain users or
  applications can use on a volume.
• The operating system stores required files and
  utilities in three directories on the SYS volume
• Login directory
• Public directory
• System directory

17
Guidelines for Creating Directories

• As a network administrator, you are responsible
  for creating directories necessary for the
  company to meet its needs.
• There are four directory types suggested by
  Novell
• Application directories
• Shared directories
• DOS directories
• User Home directories

18
Files

• Files are used to store data on the network.
• At the beginning of each volume, NetWare stores
  the filename, location, owner, creation/access
  dates, and attributes in an area called the
  directory entry table (DET).

19
File and Folder Security

• The type of file system used on the drive
  determines the level of security that can be set.
• With NTFS, owners and administrators can set file
  and folder security.

20
Creating Users

• Before creating user and group objects, the
  container object must be created that will hold
  these users and groups.
• Properties can be assigned to each user to
  control their access to the network.
• To make the creation of many users with common
  restrictions easier, it is possible to create
  user templates.
• Single users and user templates are created using
  the ConsoleOne utility.

21
Creating Groups

• Groups are created to provide two or more users
  access to shared resources, rather than repeating
  the same access rights for multiple users.
• Groups are created using the ConsoleOne utility.

22
The Netware Security Model

• Login SecurityUsed to ensure that only
  authorized users have access to the network.
• NDS SecurityUsed to control users abilities to
  view, access, create, or modify objects and their
  associated properties.

23
Login Security

• User account restrictions can be set up to make
  sure that the user logging onto the network is
  authorized to do so.
• Intruder detection works at the container level
  by setting a limit on the number of incorrect
  login attempts that can be made by a user within
  the container.

24
NDS Security

• All objects have a property called the Access
  Control List (ACL). This contains the names of
  users, groups, or containers that have been given
  access rights to that object.
• There are two categories of user rights
• Object rights
• Property rights

25
Object Rights
Right Ability
Supervisor Grants all access privileges
Browse Grants the right to see objects in the directory tree
Create Grants the right to create objects in the directory tree only for container objects
Delete Grants the right to delete an object from the directory tree
Rename Grants the right to rename an object in the directory tree
26
Property Rights
Right Ability
Supervisor Grants all rights to the property
Read Grants the right to view the stored values in the properties field
Compare A special type of Read property that allows the user to compare the value of a property to a fixed value returning the value of True or False without revealing the contents of the property
Write Grants users the right to add themselves as a value of the property
Add Self Grants users the right to add themselves as a value of the property
27
Summary

• Novell has a global database of network objects
  and users called NDS to which all servers on the
  network have access.
• The NDS database contains three major objects
  the root object, container objects, and leaf
  objects.
• ConsoleOne is the NetWare administrative tool
  that provides a single point of administration.
• The main components of the NetWare file system
  are volumes, directories, and files.

28
Summary (continued)

• To establish security in a network environment,
  every user needs to have a unique logon name.
• Because some of the user object properties are
  common to many users, you can create User
  Templates within each container object to make
  creating user objects simpler. Rather than
  repeating the same access rights for multiple
  users, you can create a group with access rights.
• A NetWare administrator must ensure that the
  network is properly secured, including limiting
  users of the network to the resources they need
  to accomplish their daily tasks.

29
Summary (continued)

• NDS Security allows users to view, access,
  create, or modify objects and their properties.
  All objects have an ACL property which contains
  the names of users, groups, or containers that
  have been given access rights to that object.
• Rights are divided into object rights and
  property rights.
• Effective rights are the actual rights a user has
  to an object they declare what actions a user
  can perform with NDS objects.