Abraham and Family

1
Abraham and Family

• Michael Abell
• Marc Fuller
• Michael Musgrove

2
Overview

• General similarities and differences between
• Jewish, Christian, and Islamic beliefs in
• regards to Abraham and Family
• Conflict between Isaac and Ishmael
• Who was sacrificed? Who is the chosen son?
• Importance of the Circumcision and the Covenant

3
Abrahams Name

• Arabic Ibrahim
• Hebrew Avraham / Avram
• English Originally Abram, changed to Abraham
  (Gen 173-5)

4
Importance

• Judaism Forefather of Jews through line of
• Isaac
• Christianity Father of faith
• Islam Built the Kabah prophet of God

5
History

• Originally from city of Ur
• (ancient city in Mesopotamia)
• 1800 B.C.E. Abraham departs homeland for
• Canaan at Gods command (Gen 111-6)
• Lived to be 175 years old
• Built Kabah

6
Hagar

• Judaism
• Sarahs Egyptian maid servant
• (Gen 16 1)
• Told to sleep with Abraham by Sarah (Gen 16 2)
• Viewed negatively by Sarah
• (Gen 16 4-5)
• Just a concubine so that Abraham could have a
• child Ishmael (Gen 16 3)
• Hagar left because of abuse
• (Gen 16 6)

7
Hagar

• Christianity
• Slave woman (Gal 4 22)
• Son is born naturally (Gal 4 23)
• Corresponds to present Jerusalem (Gal 4 25)
• Represents slavery through her and her children
• (Gal 4 25)
• Drive out the slave woman and her son! For the
  son of the slave woman shall not share the
  inheritance with the son (Isaac) (Gal 4 30)

8
Hagar

• Islam
• Hagar is not mentioned in the Quran
• Only recognized in footnotes as
• Mother of Ishmael n. 160

9
Sarah

• Judaism
• Abrahams half-sister and wife (Gen 20 1-18)
• Earlier in her life she could not bear children
• God promises her a son (Gen 18 9-16)
• Has Isaac at age of 90 (Gen 21 7)

10
Sarah

• Christianity (Gal 421-31)
• Freeborn woman
• Son is born though a promise of God
• Only through her son, Isaac, is the promise of
• God preserved
• Mother of children of the promise of God

11
Sarah

• Islam
• Sarah isnt mentioned in the Quran

12
Isaac

• Judaism
• Born through Sarah as a promise of God
• (Gen 21 6)
• As a promise to the covenant Abraham circumcised
  Isaac
• (Gen 21 3-5)
• Seven years later God tests Abraham by commanding
• him to sacrifice Isaac
• Angel stops him at last moment

13
Isaac

• Christianity
• God blesses Sarah and gives her a son Isaac
• (Gen 17)
• God establishes his covenant with Isaac (Gen 17)
• God tests Abraham by commanding him to
• sacrifice his promised son Isaac
• (Gen 22)
• Abrahams servant finds a wife for Isaac,
• Rebekah. (Gen 24)

14
Isaac

• Islam
• Issac is a prophet, One of the
• Righteous (Surah 37 112)
• The Quran refers to Isaac as if the
• reader already knows about him

15
Yishm'e'l

• Judaism
• Viewed as wicked through repentant in most
  Jewish traditions
• Ishmael was born through Hagar and Abraham,
  Sarahs
• Becomes jealous and claims that Hagar looking
  upon
• Sarah with disdain. (Gen 16 5)
• Sarah abuses Hagar, until she flees, she has a
  child, and
• God tells her to name him Yishmel. (Gen 16 6)
• Yishmel was 13 when he was circumcised.
• God says Yishmel shall become the father of 12
• chieftains. (Gen 17 20)

16
Ishmael

• Christianity
• Since God had kept Sarah from having
• children, she gives her maid servant,
• Hagar, to Abraham as a birth mother.
• (Gen 162)
• Hagar gives birth to Ishmael however
• Sarah is displeased with Ishmael and
• forces Abraham to send them away.
• (Gen 21)
• Hagar is sent away with Ishmael under the
• command of Sarah, however is given a
• promise by God that Ishmael will have a
• great nation. (Gen 21)

17
Isma'il

• Islam
• Muslims trace their connection to Abraham through
• Isma'il
• Built the Kabah with father Abraham (2127)
• Most Muslims believe that Isma'il settled in
  Mecca
• During the hajj each year Muslims reenact the
  time
• Hagar lost her infant son Isma'il

18
Sacrifice

• Judaism
• God commands Abraham to sacrifice son in Moriah
• (Gen 22 2)
• Isaac wondered where the sacrificial animal was
  (Gen 22 7)
• Right before Abraham sacrifices son an angel
  stops him
• (Gen 22 11)
• Abraham proved his devotion to God (Gen 22 12)

19
Sacrifice

• Christianity
• Abraham is put to the test when
• asked to sacrifice Isaac
• Abraham thinks that even if
• Isaac dies, God will be able to
• raise him from the dead.
• Seen as a supreme act of
• perfect faith in God
• (Heb 11 17-19)

20
Sacrifice

• Christianity
• Although Abraham is very important to
  Christianity, remember Jesus is still key figure
  to Christian faith.
• Abraham is father of Christian faith, but Jesus
  is Son of God
• Amen, amen, I say to you, before Abraham came to
  be, I AM. -Jesus John 858

21
Sacrifice

• Islam
• Eid ul-Adha ceremony focused on Abrahams
• willingness to sacrifice his promised son, which
• Muslims believe was Yishm'e'l.
• God spared Yishm'e'l s life and instead
• Abraham sacrificed a sheep
• This was considered Abrahams test of faith.
• (Surah 37 102-113)

22
Covenant

• Judaism
• God commanded Abraham to circumcise himself,
• his offspring and his slaves as a sign of an
• everlasting covenant.
• Isaac was circumcised on the 8th day after his
  birth, by Abraham, like God commanded of him.
• (Gen 21 4)

23
Covenant

• Christianity
• The First Church Council in Jerusalem
• decided that circumcision was not a
• requirement (Acts 15)
• Paul warned Gentile Christians against
• adopting Jewish practices.
• (Galatians 6 12-16, Philippians 32-3)

24
Covenant

• Islam
• Circumcision is not mentioned as a requirement in
  the Quran
• However it is recommended in Sunni Islam
• (http//lexicorient.com/e.o/abraham.html)
• Some quote the sayings of Muhammad in the Hadith,
  saying that circumcision is a requirement based
  on the covenant made with Abraham and Allah.

25
Summary

• Abraham
• Ju Forefather of the Jews
• Ch Father of Faith
• Is A prophet
• Hagar
• Ju Despised
• Ch Mother of slaves
• Is Mother of chosen child
• Sarah
• Ju Mother of Isaac
• Ch Mother of freemen
• Is Not mentioned
• Ishmael
• Ju Illegitimate child
• Ch Shall not share the inheritance with the
  son (Isaac) Gal 4 28
• Is Chosen son/ Father of 12 tribes

26
Summary

• Isaac
• Ju Father of Jacob, Jacob father of 12 tribes
  of Israel
• Ch Represents the freeborn, chosen son (Gal 4
  26)
• Is Son of Abraham
• Covenant
• Ju Promised land and kingdom
• Ch Moving on from traditional Jewish practices
• Is Ishmael promised a kingdom
• Sacrifice
• Ju Proof of Abrahams devotion to God
• Ch Highest form of sacrifice, and ultimate
  declaration of faith
• Is Ishmael was the sacrificial son