PSYCHOPATHOLOGY OF CHILDREN AND FAMILY - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

1 / 24
About This Presentation
Title:

PSYCHOPATHOLOGY OF CHILDREN AND FAMILY

Description:

psychopathology of children and family week 2 chapter 1 contemporary perspectives on abnormal behavior biological perspectives on abnormal psychology the nervous ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:309
Avg rating:3.0/5.0
Slides: 25
Provided by: 6297445
Category:

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: PSYCHOPATHOLOGY OF CHILDREN AND FAMILY


1
PSYCHOPATHOLOGY OF CHILDREN AND FAMILY
  • WEEK 2
  • CHAPTER 1
  • CONTEMPORARY PERSPECTIVES ON ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR

2
BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES ON ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY
  • The nervous system
  • Neuron
  • Soma _at_ Cell body
  • Dendrites
  • Axon
  • Axon Terminal
  • Neurotransmitters
  • Synapse

3
(No Transcript)
4
(No Transcript)
5
  • Excesses or deficiencies of neurotransmitters
    have been linked to various kind of mental health
    problem
  • Excesses and deficiencies of neurotransmitter
    norepinephrine have been connected with mood
    disorders
  • Neurotransmitter acetylcholine related to
    Alzheimer's disease
  • Serotonin linked to various psychological
    disorders including anxiety disorders, mood
    disorders and eating disorders

6
PSYCHODYNAMIC PERSPECTIVES
  • The Structure of the Mind
  • Conscious mind
  • Preconscious mind
  • Unconscious mind

7
  • The Structure of Personality
  • Id
  • - the collection of unconscious urges and
    desires that continually seek expression
  • - the repository of our baser drives and
    instinctual impulses including hunger, thirst,
    sex and aggression
  • - pleasure principle the way in which the id
    seeks immediate gratification of an instinct

8
  • Ego
  • Freuds term for the part of the personality that
    mediates between environmental demands (reality),
    conscience (superego) and instinctual need (id)
  • Reality principle the way in which the ego
    seeks to satisfy instinctual demands safely and
    effectively in the real world

9
  • Superego
  • - the social and parental standards the
    individual has internalized the conscience and
    ego ideal
  • - Ego ideal the part of the superego that
    consists of standards of what one would like to be

10
Stages of Psychosexual Development
  • Oral Stage (birth to 18 months)
  • First stage of Freuds theory of personality
    development, in which the infants erotic
    feelings center on the mouth, lips and tongue.
  • Anal Stage (roughly 18 months to 3 ½ years)
  • Second stage of Freuds theory of personality
    development in which a childs erotic feelings
    center on the anus and on elimination
  • Phallic Stage (after age 3)
  • Third stage of Freuds theory of personality
    development in which erotic feelings center on
    the genitals
  • Oedipus complex and Electra complex a childs
    sexual attachment to the parent of the opposite
    sex and jealousy toward the parent of the same
    sex generally occurs in the phallic stage

11
  • Latency Period (5 to 12 _at_ 13 years old)
  • The child appears to have no interest in the
    other sex occurs after the phallic stage
  • Genital Stage
  • Final stage of normal adult sexual development
    which is normally marked by mature sexuality

12
Psychodynamic Perspectives on Normality and
Abnormality
  • Normal as well abnormal people are driven by the
    irrational drives of the id
  • Normality - balance of energy among the psychic
    structures of id, ego and superego.
  • Abnormality the balance of energy is lopsided

13
LEARNING PERSPECTIVES
  • Classical Conditioning
  • - Ivan Pavlov (1849 1936)
  • - A response naturally elicited by one stimulus
    comes to be elicited by a different, formerly
    neural stimulus
  • Unconditioned stimulus (US)
  • - stimulus that invariably causes an organism to
    response in specific way

14
  • Unconditioned response (UR)
  • A response that takes place in an organism
    whenever an unconditioned stimulus occur
  • Conditioned stimulus (CS)
  • An originally neural stimulus that is paired with
    an unconditioned stimulus and eventually produces
    the desired response in an organism when
    presented alone
  • Conditioned response (CR)
  • - After conditioning, the response an organism
    produces when only a conditioned stimulus is
    presented

15
  • Before Conditioning
  • Bell No Response US (food) UR
    (Salivation
  • During Conditioning
  • CS (Bell) Followed by- US (Food) UR
    (Salivation)
  • After Conditioning
  • CS (Bell) CR (Salivation)

16
  • Operant Conditioning
  • involves the acquisition of behaviors called
    operant behaviors that are emitted by the
    organism and that operate upon or manipulate the
    environment to produce certain effects.
  • Operant behaviors
  • Behavior designed to operate on the environment
    in a way that will gain something desired or
    avoid something unpleasant

17
  • Reinforcer
  • A stimulus that follows a behavior and increases
    the likelihood that the behavior will be repeated
  • Punisher
  • A stimulus that follows a behavior and decreases
    the likelihood that the behavior will be repeated
  • Positive Reinforcer
  • Any event whose presence increases the likelihood
    that ongoing behavior will recur
  • Negative Reinforcer
  • Any event whose reduction or termination
    increases the likelihood that ongoing behavior
    will recur

18
  • Social Cognitive Theory
  • emphasizes the ability to learn by observing a
    model or receiving instructions without firsthand
    experience by learner
  • Example phobias may be learned vicariously by
    observing the fearful reactions of others in real
    life

19
HUMANISTIC-EXISTENTIAL PERSPECTIVES
  • Carl Roger, Abraham Maslow
  • Self Actualization
  • - to strive to become all they are capable of
    being
  • To understand abnormal behavior in the humanistic
    view, we need to understand the roadblocks that
    people encounter in striving for self
    actualization and authenticity

20
COGNITIVE PERSPECTIVES
  • Information processing approach
  • storage, retrieval, manipulation, and output
  • - psychological disorders disturbance of these
    processes
  • ABC approach
  • Catastrophic Thinking

21
  • Aaron Beck proposed 4 basic types of cognitive
    errors that contribute to emotional distress
  • 1. Selective Abstraction
  • 2. Overgeneralization
  • 3. Magnification
  • 4. Absolutist thinking

22
SOCIOCULTURAL PERSPECTIVES
  • Poverty, social decay, discrimination, lack of
    economy opportunity

23
LEVEL OF ANALYSIS
  • The biological perspective adopts a physiological
    level of analysis. It examines the role that
    biochemical processes such as imbalances in brain
    chemistry may play in the development of
    psychological disorders
  • The learning perspective adopts a behavioral
    level of analysis. It focuses on how our behavior
    is shaped by learning experiences.

24
  • The humanistic existential perspective adopts a
    phenomenological vantage point. It explores
    peoples subjective experiences
  • The cognitive perspective focuses on the role of
    dysfunctional thinking patterns in psychological
    disorders such as irrational belief
  • The psychodynamic perspective probes the
    unconscious motives and conflicts that believed
    to underlie psychological disorders
  • The socio-cultural perspective focuses
    psychological disorders in the context of the
    larger society.
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)
About PowerShow.com