Body Planes, Directions,

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Body Planes, Directions, Cavities

• Principles of Health Science

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Body Cavities

• Why do we have body cavities?
• Body Cavities are openings within the torso which
  contain organs.
• They protect delicate organs from accidental
  shocks and bumps, and permit the expansion and
  contraction of organs without disrupting the
  activities of other organs.

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Body Planes

• Imaginary lines drawn through the body to
  separate the body into sections
• Transverse
• Sagittal
• Frontal or coronal

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Transverse plane

• Horizontal plane that divides the body into a top
  bottom half

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Sagittal plane

• Divides the body into left and right sides
• Midsagittal divides the body into equal left and
  right sides

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Frontal (or coronal) plane

• Divides the body into a front and back section

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Directions

• Superior vs inferior
• Cranial vs caudal
• Medial vs lateral
• Anterior vs posterior
• Dorsal vs ventral
• Proximal vs distal

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Superior vs inferior

• Superior towards the top
• Inferior towards the bottom

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Cranial vs caudal

• Cranial towards the head
• Caudal towards the tail
• More commonly used in animals
• People same as superior/inferior

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Medial vs lateral

• Medial close or towards the midline
• Lateral away from the midline

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Anterior vs posterior

• Anterior towards the front of the body
• Posterior towards the back of the body

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Dorsal vs ventral

• Dorsal towards the back
• Ventral towards the abdomen
• Use more commonly in animals
• People same as anterior/posterior

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Proximal vs distal

• Proximal towards the trunk
• Distal away from the trunk

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Body Cavities

• Dorsal cavity
• Cranial cavity
• Spinal cavity
• Ventral cavity
• Thoracic cavity
• Abdominopelvic cavity
• Abdominal cavity
• Pelvic cavity

• Orbital cavity (eyes)
• Nasal cavity (nose)
• Buccal cavity (mouth)

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Dorsal cavity

• Cranial cavity contains the brain
• Spinal cavity contains the spinal cord

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Ventral cavity

• Thoracic cavity contains esophagus, heart,
  lungs, trachea
• Abdominopelvic cavity
• Abdominal cavity stomach, small intestine,
  liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen
• Pelvic cavity urinary bladder, reproductive
  organ
• Diaphragm muscle that separates the thoracic
  cavity from the abdominopelvic

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• The portion of ventral cavity superior to the
  diaphragm.
• a. Pleural Cavities - the spaces surrounding each
  lung.
• b. Mediastinum - a broad middle tissue mass of
  the thoracic cavity dividing the lungs into two
  cavities.

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Thoracic Cavity

• It includes the aorta, other great blood vessels,
  esophagus, trachea, thymus, pericardial cavity,
  and heart.
• c. Pericardial Cavity - space in which the heart
  is located

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Abdominal Cavity

• Abdominal Cavity - The superior portion of the
  abdominopelvic cavity. It extends from the
  diaphragm to the superior margin of the pelvic
  girdle.
• Contains the organs known as the viscera which
  include the stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder,
  pancreas, small intestine, and most of the large
  intestine.

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Pelvic Cavity

• Surrounded by the pelvic bones.
• The pelvic cavity contains the urinary bladder,
  cecum, appendix, sigmoid colon, rectum, and the
  male or female internal reproductive organs

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Abdominal quadrants

• Four quadrants with the umbilicus at the center
• RUQLUQRLQLLQ

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Abdominal regions
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Image Citations

• Slide 3 8/27/06, http//academic.kellogg.cc.mi.us
  /herbrandsonc/bio201_McKinley/chapter1.htm
• Slide 4 Sagittal plane, 8/27/06,
  http//www.tech.nite.go.jp/human/eng/contents/cind
  ex/referencedevelop.html
• Slide 5 Frontal plane, 8/27/06,
  http//www.tech.nite.go.jp/human/eng/contents/cind
  ex/referencedevelop.html
• Slide 7 9 12 Directional terms, 8/27/06,
  http//www.lrn.org/Graphics/figure1.7.gif
• Slide 8 Anatomical terms, planes, 8/27/06,
  http//trc.ucdavis.edu/mjguinan/apc100/modules/ter
  mscellstissues/introduction/planes/planes.html

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Image Citations

• Slide 11 photo of a dog illustrating dorsal,
  ventral, anterior and posterior, 8/27/06,
  http//anthro.palomar.edu/animal/glossary.htmbila
  teral_symmetry
• Slide 14 Body cavities, 8/31/06,
  http//www.templejc.edu/dept/biology/RHicks/biol24
  04Int/biol2404onl_LAB.htm
• Slide 16, 17 Delmar Learnings Medical
  Terminology Image Library, Second Edition,
  Version 1.0, 2003.