Studying Earth Science

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Studying Earth Science
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Chapter Two The Science Toolbox

• 2.1 Measurement
• 2.2 Measuring Time and Temperature
• 2.3 Systems and Variables
• 2.4 Graphs

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2.3 Systems and variables

• Graphs are a type of mathematical model.
• A graph is a picture that shows how two variables
  are related.

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2.4 Graphs

• A graph is a picture that shows how two variables
  are related.
• Graphs explain more than just numbers alone, so
  they are often used to display data collected
  during an experiment.

How far can you travel on 10 gallons of gas?
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2.4 Graphs

• Graphs are drawn with the independent variable on
  the horizontal or x-axis.
• The dependent variable goes on the vertical or
  y-axis.
• Types of graphs include line, bar, and pie graphs.

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2.4 Parts of a graph

• A graph is a picture of information.
• Science information is usually organized in a
  table first.

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2.4 How to make a line graph

• Step 1 Decide which is the dependent and
  independent variable.
• The dependent variable goes on the y-axis and
  the independent variable goes on the x-axis.

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2.4 How to make a line graph

• Step 2 Make a scale for each axis by counting
  boxes to fit your largest value. Count by
  multiples of 1, 2, 5, or 10.

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2.4 How to make a line graph

• One box equals 0.42 hour per box.
• Round 0.42 to 0.5.
• This means every two boxes equals 1 hour.

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2.4 How to make a line graph

• For the y-axis, the data range is 20 to 95.
• To more easily calculate the scale, choose 0 to
  100 as the data range.

• Round 8.3 to 10.
• One box on the y-axis equals 10.

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2.4 How to make a line graph

• Step 3 Plot each point by finding the x-value
  and drawing a line upward until you get to the
  right y-value. Draw a smooth curve that shows the
  pattern of the points.

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2.4 How to make a line graph

• Step 4 Create a title for the graph

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Geology Connection
Hydrogeologists and Their Tools

• A hydrogeologist is like a detective and a doctor
  all in one.
• These scientists are responsible for supplying
  and controlling groundwater.

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Activity
Measurement Olympics

• During the Measurement Olympics you and a partner
  will practice measurement and conversion skills.