Jamestown/Colonization

1
Jamestown/Colonization
Term
Define it!!
Draw it out!!!
Why is it important?
Northwest Passage
Joint-Stock Company
Cash Crop
Indentured Servant
African Slaves
Plantation System
House of Burgesses
Charter
Bacons Rebellion
2

• Copy the dates as follows
• 1580
• 1590
• 1600
• 1610
• 1620

1580
1590
1600
1610
1620
3

• Add the following dates in between each decade to
  represent five years
• 1585
• 1595
• 1605
• 1615

1580
1590
1600
1610
1620
4
English Colonization-Jamestown
Credits ClipArt, ABC-Clio, Grolier Online,
Britannica Online from Katy ISD library site.
5
Northwest Passage
A water route through North America to Asia.
Water route
Birdsall, S. S. (2006). North America. Grolier
Multimedia Encyclopedia. Retrieved August 24,
2006, from Grolier Online http//gme.grolier.com/c
gi-bin/article?assetid0209970-0
6
Goal of all the Nations????

• To find a faster route to the Indies and China!
• Break the Italians monopoly and try to beat the
  Spanish.

7
England wants what Spain has.
Spain has colonies in the Americas which provides
them with . gold, silver, sugar cane
plantations, etc GoldPOWER Number 1
in World
8
England wants to become 1

• Queen Elizabeth orders
• English ships to capture Spanish ships near
  America and steal their cargo of gold, silver,
  and other products.
• England needs the
• The most famous of the Sea Dogs was Sir Francis
  Drake.

9
England was free to sail the 0ceans!
England attacks Spanish settlements and set up
their own settlements in North and South
America. Up and down the coast of the Americas,
countries are attacking each others settlements.
English attack on St. Augustine, 1586
10
Show me the

• England began directing its resources towards
  establishing colonies.
• The English government refused fund the colonies.
• Private investors invested in colonies.
• Sir Walter Raleigh received permission from
  Elizabeth to start the first colony at Roanoke
  Island.

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Roanoke Island

• 1585
• The 1st colony was short lived when the Natives
  realized that the English wanted their land and
  stopped replenishing their food supply.
• Surviving members of the colony returned to
  England in 1586.

Sir Walter Raleigh starts the first colony at
Roanoke Island.
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Roanoke Take Two.

• 1587
• John White, leader of the colony
• Brought his family to Roanoke, his granddaughter
  was the first English child (Virginia Dare) born
  in North America.
• 1587- White sails to England to get needed
  supplies. 1588- Spain attacks England.
• Returned in 1590, the colony had disappeared.

The Lost Colony
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1588!! The Spanish Armada is defeated!

• King Phillip of Spain ordered
• 130 Spanish warships to attack England
• Sea Dogs and a storm defeated the Armada, the
  navy sailed back to Spain with less than half of
  their ships.
• This defeat had two important consequences
• England would remain independent and Protestant.
• Spain could be defeatedthis led other countries
  to challenge Spain.

14
1587
1590
The Lost Colony The second English attempt to
colonize North America ended with an entire
colony missing!
The Spanish Armada was defeated by England in
1588.
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Joint-Stock Company

• Raleigh lost his entire investment in the Roanoke
  colony.
• Financing a colony would take more than one
  person.
• People interested in making a return on their
  investment would give money to the company to
  help pay for the colony.
• Each person that invested had ownership in the
  company.
• Investors would share the profits as well as the
  losses.

16
Jamestown was started for economic purposesto
make for the company, themselves and the
king.
John Smiths map of Virginia.
17
Jamestown Fort
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Virginia Company of London

• King James I issued a charter in 1606.
• Charter- Contract (King is going to grant land to
  the company and the company agrees to give the
  King profits from the colony)
• This agreement has to take place for colonization
  to happen in the New World.
• 1607 The first permanent English Colony is
  settled.
• They named the colony Jamestown in honor of King
  James I.
• First successful colony for England.
• The colonists immediately ran into trouble.

First day in Jamestown
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John Smith

• January 1608
• Only 38 colonist are alive.
• John Smith takes over the colony.
• He announced that, He that will not work shall
  not eat.
• He persuaded the Powhatan tribe to trade for
  corn.

Pocahontas saving John Smith
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The Starving Time!!

• 1609
• Smith is injured and returns to England.
• 800 new colonist arrive. Take Native American
  land.
• 1610
• Powhatan Indians stop trading with the colonists.
  Indian attacks escalated.
• The STARVING TIME begins.

Women arrive in Jamestown!
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The Starving Time

• By 1610
• Only 60 colonist survived.
• Colonist ate dogs, rats, mice.

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Success at Jamestown

• 1612
• John Rolfe developed a high quality tobacco
  plant.
• Tobacco became very popular was in great demand
  in England.
• CASH CROP-

Cash Crops help the colonies survive.
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Our Own Land

• Tobacco changes Jamestown.
• The company found that the colonist productivity
  increased when they were allowed to participate
  in the profits.
• The company gifted 50 acres of land to all that
  could pay their passage to Jamestown.
• Population increased from 600 in 1619 to 2000 by
  1621.

Jamestown was the start of the FREE ENTERPRISE
system in North America.
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Indentured Servants

• Colonist who could not pay their way to America,
  sold their labor for passage.
• After a number of years of servitude the colonist
  could make their own way at Jamestown.

25
Indentured Servants
White indentured servants came from all over
Great Britain. Men, women, and sometimes children
signed a contract with a master to serve a term
of 4 to 7 years. In exchange for their service,
the indentured servants received their passage
paid from England, as well as food, clothing, and
shelter once they arrived in the colonies
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Indentured Servants

• While under contract a person could not
• marry or have children
• leave the plantation, to perform work for anyone
  else
• An unruly indentured servant was.
• whipped
• punished for improper behavior
• Many did not live to see their freedom
• poor living conditions
• hard labor
• difficulty adjusting to new climate
• native diseases
• Runaways were more difficult to recapture
• spoke English
• white

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Servant Name Elizabeth Thomas Name George
Wilkinson Occupation spinster Date of Indenture
September 8 1684 Indenture Length 4
years Destination Jamaica
Indentured Servants
Servant Name Robert Thomas Name Elizabeth
Jones Occupation yeoman Date of Indenture
August 10 1657 Indenture Length 5
year Destination Virginia
28

• 1619 Slaves arrive in Jamestown to provide a
  inexpensive labor force for English tobacco
  plantation owners.

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Plantation System
Privately held land, bought from the King to
encourage increased production of cash crops
(tobacco, rice, indigo, sugar and later
cotton. Slaves provided the labor on the very
large farms. The plantation operated like a small
village.
30
House of Burgesses

• Colonist set up their own government once they
  became annoyed with the strict rule of the
  governor.
• Local Control
• 1619
• Assembly that could meet once a year.
• First elected assembly in the American colonies.

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Control of Virginia

• King of England
• Parliament (Like our Congress)
• 2000 miles away from America
• Appoints a governor (local control)
• Virginia Company of London
• House of Burgesses
• Self-government
• Representatives elected by the men of Virginia
• Make important decisions for the colony that must
  be approved by the Parliament (King of England)

32
Trouble with the Native Americans

• As more colonist arrived and wanted more Indian
  landrelations broke down.
• 1622-Powhatan killed 350 settlers of Jamestown
  settlers.

33
Bacons Rebellion in 1676

• By 1670s one-fourth of the freed white men were
  former indentured servants.
• Most indentured servants did not own land and
  they resented the wealthy land owners.
• Freed indentured servants lived on the western
  frontier, where they battled the Native Americans
  for land.

34
Bacons Rebellion in 1676

• Nathaniel Bacon and a group of landless frontier
  settlers opposed Governor William Berkeley.
• Favoritism toward the large plantation owners.
• High taxes.
• Bacons group demanded that the governor declare
  war on the Indians and take their land for
  tobacco plantations.
• Governor Berkeley refused!

35
Bacons Rebellion in 1676

• Bacons group march into Jamestown and took over
  the House of Burgesses and burned Jamestown to
  the ground.
• Bacons sudden death ended the rebellion and his
  followers were hung.
• The governor was recalled and the House of
  Burgesses passed a new law forbidding the royal
  governors of Virginia from ever assuming such
  power again.