English Colonization

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English Colonization

• Jamestown 1607

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English Colonies Delayed

• England sent John Cabot to explore the coast of
  North America in 1497
• Yet, domestic problems delayed colonization
• English fishermen worked the area.

John Cabot
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Elizabeth I Brings Stability

• 1570 unleashed the Sea Dogs Francis Drake
• Letters of Marque Privateers
• Attack Spanish ships
• Humphrey Gilbert and Walter Raleigh have a plan

World Map of Gilbert
Francis Drake
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The Plan

• Establish an English Colony in North America
• Base to raid Spanish ships
• Prevent Spanish expansion

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The First Attempt

• Humphrey Gilbert is killed
• Raleigh vows to keep trying
• Sent 3 more expeditions
• Choose site south of the Chesapeake
• Raleigh names it Virginia in honor of the Queen
• 1584 Settle on Roanoke Island

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A Complete Failure

• Group return home w/ Francis Drake
• in 1585
• John White, artists, brings painting of Indians
• Second attempt in 1587 led by John White
• Raleighs efforts on behalf of Queen Elizabeth
  never succeed

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John WhiteDrawings
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The Lost Colony

• Promised relief supplies in 1588
• War with Spain blocks aid
• 1590 Relief Ship arrives but the colony is gone.
  Lost Colony
• CROATOAN

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The Spanish Armada 1588

• Philip of Spain sends fleet
• Weather and Sea Dogs defeat the Armada
• England becomes master of the seas

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Lessons of Roanoke

• Trading Post Systems will not work. No Easy
  Wealth to be taken.
• Wealth must be produced from the land
• A new method to finance colonies must be found.

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Joint Stock Companies

• Early form of corporation
• Elizabeth I dies making James I King
• James see merit in colonies
• Population problems
• Economic opportunities

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James I Charters the Virginia Company

• London and Plymouth groups
• Charter guarantees full rights of Englishmen in
  the colonies Charter of 1606
• Settlers work for the company, paid with stock

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Jamestown Established 1607

• Chose southern tidewater area
• Geographical features
• Abundant wild life
• Good rainfall and rivers
• But Yellow Fever malaria was
• common!

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The Starving Time

• Spring 1607 105 settlers arrive
• Poorly organized
• Gentlemen refuse to work
• Crops fail - drought
• Yellow Fever/malaria hits
• Winter sets in
• Settlers begin to starve, 1608

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John Smith Starving Time

• our Governours indiscretion, and the losse of
  our ships, of five hundred within six moneths
  after Captaine Smiths departure, there remained
  not past sixtie men, women and children, most
  miserable and poore creatures and those
  werepreserved for the most part, by roots,
  herbes, acornes, walnuts, berries, now and then a
  little fish they that had startch in these
  extremities, made no small use of it yea, even
  the very skinnes of our horses. Nay, so great
  was our famine, that a salvage we slew, and
  buried, the poorer sort tooke him up againe and
  eat him, and so did divers one another boyled and
  stewed with roots and herbs And one amongst the
  rest did kill his wife, powdered her, and had
  eaten part of her before it was knowne, for which
  hee waws executed, and hee well deserved now
  whether shee was better roasted, boyled or
  carbonadod, I know not, but of shch a dish as
  powdered wife I never heard of.

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John Smith Takes Charge

• Soldier of fortune assumes command
• He who doesnt work, doesnt eat!
• Smith describes the starving time.
• By spring 1608 only 38 settlers still alive.

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Jamestowns Needs

• A staple crop for export
• A workable land system
• Peace with the local Indians
• A strict discipline

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John Rolfe

• John Smith supplies the discipline
• John Rolfe domesticates Tobacco
• John Rolfe marries Pocahontas which brings peace
  with the Indians
• 1616 a new land system is adopted

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Jamestown Grows

• By 1622 there are 3000 settlers
• 1619 the House of Burgesses is founded, first
  colonial legislature
• 1619 first Africans brought to Jamestown also
  90 brides-to-be
• Pocahontas dies 1622, Indians attack killing 357
  settlers
• .