Sustainable Urban Transport in Asia -

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Sustainable Urban Transport in Asia - Case study
of BMTC
by Upendra Tripathy, IAS MD, BMTC, Bangalore
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NEKRTC
NWKRTC
BMTC
KSRTC
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National and Asia Pacific Awards for BMTC

• UITP Asia Pacific Award for Outstanding
  Achievements in the field of Affordable Public
  Transport 2002-2003
• Award for Minimum Operational Cost (City
  Services) 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003
• Union Surface Transport Ministers Award for
  Lowest accident Rates for 2000-2001, 2001-2002,
  2002-2003 and 2003-04
• Award For Fuel efficiency 2002-2003

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Financial Status of BMTC
Rs. Crores
1997-98
1996-97
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Growth of Bangalore 1537 to 2001
N
1537
1862
1941
1971
1981
1991
2001
Town -1537
Town 1862
Bangalore Municipality-1941
Bangalore UA - 1971
Bangalore UA - 1981
Bangalore UA - 1991
Bangalore UA - 2001
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Road framework proposed
Major Road
Peripheral Ring Road
Minor Road
NH7 Bellary Road
Intermediate Ring Road
Primary Urban Road
Core Ring Road
Outer Ring Road
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96 Citizens Satisfaction

• The Third Citizens Report Card on Bangalores
  Public Service brought out by Public Affairs
  Centre rates BMTC on the top with 96 Overall
  Citizens Satisfaction

8
Fossil Fuel consumption in Bangalore City
Source IOC
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BMTC at a Glance

• The Corporation came into existence from
  15-8-1997 after bifurcation from KSRTC

• Present Status(Daily)
• Schedules operated. 3691
• No.of buses held.. 3820
• Kms operated per day.. 8.32 lakhs
• No.of trips operated. 52,117
• Public Private Partnership 645
• Area Covered.. 3850 Sq. Kms
• Infrastructure
• Depots 25
• Bus stations.. 29
• Staff Employed 16933
• Passengers Carried. Around 30 lakhs
• Staff Ratio per Schedule 5.6
• 
  4.6( With Private)

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Financial Strength
EPKM and CPKM (In Paise)
EPKM
CPKM
11
STUs Cost Recovery in Percentage
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Reasons for Profit

• Improvement in Operational efficiency
• Tax rationalization by Government
• Commuter friendly measures
• Introduction of public-private partnership
• Increase in commercial revenue
• Reimbursement by Government
• 7. Rationalization of Routes
• 8. Diesel procurement through Tendering
• 9. Tendering of Chassis procurement
• 10. Prompt Payment Discount system
• 11. Training of personnel at Depots
• 12. Swapping of Loans

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Systems Improvement Programmes-IT
IT Initiatives E-Services

• E-Depot
• Depot activities are computerized
• E-Pass Booking
• Introduced Internet based Bus pass booking system

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Systems Improvement Programmes-IT
IT Initiatives E-Services

• E-Route Information
• Introduced Internet based Bus route Information
  system
• E-Salary
• Introduced Electronic Clearance System (ECS) for
  salary disbursement to staff through ICICI

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Systems Improvement Programmes-IT
IT Initiatives E-Services

• E-Procurement
• Introduced E-Tendering System for Public
  Procurement
• E-Cart
• Introduced E-Cart System for quick CC services
• E-GPS
• On-line Vehicles tracking and monitoring on the
  anvil
• BMTC on Webwww.bmtcinfo.com

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Systems Improvement Programmes
IT Initiatives E-Services

• I T for Transparency in Recruitment
• Software for recruitment designed in-house
• 4000 candidates recruited in conformity to Govt.
  regulations and rules
• Out sourced to Police, Health Forest
  departments
• Issuing passes (students and Commuter Pass with
  the assistance of digital camera)

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Growth of Vehicular Population
Numbers
(As on 31-7-04)
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Growth of BMTC Vehicles
(In Numbers)
(As on 20-11-2004)
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Avg. Ambient Air Quality Bangalore

• g/m3

(Figures in brackets indicate Limits), Source
KSPCB
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Population and Fleet Strength In Urban STUs

• City(STUs) Population No.of
  Buses in the
• (Millions)(1-3-2001)
  STUs(2003-04)
• Bangalore(BMTC) 5.69
  3460
• Delhi(DTC) 12.79
  3398
• Mumbai(BEST) 16.37
  3382
• Chennai(CNI) 6.42
  2773
• Ahmadabad(AMTC) 4.52
  620
• Sourcewww.citypopulation.de

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Share of Pollution Load by BMTC

• As per the TERI report
• Pollution load of BMTC
• lt 0.02 of
  total daily city
• pollution
  load
• As per the SIDA report
• Model Fleet in Urban Transport
• Travelling commuters in BMTC 3.0 million/day

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Effects of Pollution

• Studies reveal Diesel emissions are roughly
  2.3 times more carcinogenic than Petrol
• 90 of emissions is less than 1 micron
• Smaller the particles, deeper they penetrate your
  LUNGS! (There is no SAFE level for
  particulates..)
• Chronic exposure to 1 ?gm/ m3 can result in 300
  cases of lung cancer / million

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Steps to Reduce Vehicular Pollution

• Improved quality of Fuel and Lubricant oil
• Decongesting the Traffic flow through priority
  for mass transportation
• Technological improvement
• Proper maintenance upkeep of vehicles
• Strict enforcement of motor vehicle rules

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Aim of BMTC

• To reduce the personalized mode of transportation
• BMTC has come out with a policy to induct 1000
  Parisara Vahini Buses before Oct-2005 there by
  increasing fleet size to 4330

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Smooth Flow of Traffic

• Dedicated lanes for BMTC buses
• Making roads one way only
• Diversion of heavy vehicles through operation on
  ring roads
• Introduction of ring road services and Trunk
  route services
• Introduction of Vestibule high capacity buses on
  peak routes

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Technological Improvements

• Introduction of Euro II buses in BMTC
  (Parisara vahini)
• Reducing oil consumption through improvement in
  engine design
• Optimization of fuel efficiency through de
  rating of Fuel injection pumps- Delayed injection
  reduces NOx emission but on the other hand
  particulate increases, optimum design is required

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Technological Improvements(Contd)

• Introduction of Honge oil (Bio Fuel) on a trial
  run in Two of BMTC buses which has shown
  reduction in emission levels especially SOx
• Introduction of Diesel particulate Filters(DPF)
  on a trial run in 4 buses to reduce SPM and RSPMs

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India Euro-I Norms for Diesel
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Exhaust NOx Vs Speed
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m3
oC
cSt
ASTM American Society for Testing and
Materials IBP Initial Boiling Point cSt
centiStokes
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Trail Run Results
Bus No. KMs. Diesel In Lts. Honge oil in Lts Avg. KMPL SmokeHSU Engine Oil in Lts
F-945 43615 7849 784.9 5.05 40.78 5.5
F-1055 25996 5135 513.5 4.60 38.4 2.0
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OUR EXPERIENCE WITH BIO FUELS
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Diesel Particulate filter (DPF)

• DPF developed by BHEL, Bangalore
• Field trials by BMTC, Bangalore

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Results of field tests carried in Training Bus
using DPF
No. Of cycles run (total ) 11 Without
regeneration 5 With regeneration
system 6 Typical Km per cycle 622 km ( 2
days) Total Km run 12,200 km Smoke density
( average value) Without
DPF 60 With DPF 15
Average soot collection 0.4 gm/km Average
time for regeneration 30 min /day Cost of
Re-generation 2 Ps/km (towards
consumption of power)
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Proper Maintainace of Vehicles

• Adhering to timely Preventive maintenance
  schedules for all buses,
• Daily Maintenance-includes Tyre pressure, brakes
• Weekly maintenance includes Atomizers, Filters
  etc
• Docking- Overhaul of major assemblies
• Fitness certificate renewal

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Environmental Concerns

• All depots equipped with emission testing units
• All vehicles are subjected to emission check
  every month
• Year No.of Checks No.of defects
• 1997-98 7080 1102
• 1998-99 12298 1494
• 1999-00 21480 1323
• 2000-01 26567 687
• 2001-02 27868 168
• 2002-03 28589 59
• 2003-04 30070 24
• Introduced Parisara Vahini Buses
• Use of Ultra Low sulpher HSD
• Rs. 1000/- award for information
• On polluting vehicles
• v

Percentage Defects
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Regular Vehicle Emission Testing for Pollution
Norms
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Achievement - Status
LF 73.9
LF 67.8
Avg. Passengers carried / Day(lakhs)

• Only profit making Urban Transport Undertaking in
  the country with positive Net worth and no
  accumulated losses
• Holding youngest fleet in the Country (3.73
  years, 3.10 lakh kms)
• Declining Accident rate

Accident Rate/ Lakh Kms
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PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS
Cancellations
Percentage
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Vehicle Utilisation
(Kms)
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KMPL
(Kms.)
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Breakdowns
Numbers
(Breakdown Rate / 10,000 kms)
(0.55)
(0.49)
(0.44)
(0.36)
(0.19)
(0.15)
(0.12)
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Rate of Accidents
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We are trying for

• Emissions warranty from manufacturers
• Reduce Sulphur content in Diesel
• Reduce Benzene content in Petrol
• Improved traffic management measures
• Phase out of commercial as well as private
  vehicles above certain age - use of Emission
  based tax ( Green Tax in force need to be
  Revised)

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Thank You