Chapter 5 - Energy Resources

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Chapter 5 - Energy Resources
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Section 1 - Natural Resources

• Natural Resource - is any natural substance,
  organism, or energy form that living things use
• Most natural resources are made into products
  that make peoples lives more comfortable and
  convenient

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Renewable Resources

• Renewable Resource - is a natural resource that
  can be used and replaced over a relative short
  period of time
• Though these resources are renewable, sometimes
  humans use these resources faster than they can
  be replaced
• i.e. trees, fish, fresh water

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Ch. 5 Quiz 1

• 1) ___________ is any natural substance ,
  organism, or energy form that living things use
• 2) ___________ is a natural resource that can be
  replaced over a relatively short period of time
• 3) ___________ is a natural resource that takes
  thousands or millions of years to replace
• 4) ___________ is the use of used materials that
  have been reprocessed into new products
• Bonus) __________ is a gaseous fossil fuel

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Answers

• 1) Natural Resource
• 2) Renewable Resource
• 3) Nonrenewable Resource
• 4) Recycling
• Bonus) Natural Gas

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Nonrenewable Resources

• Nonrenewable Resources - are natural resources
  that cannot be replaced, or resources that take
  thousands or millions of years to replace
• The amount of nonrenewable resources on Earth are
  limited in respect to their availability for
  human use
• i.e oil, coal, natural gas, and iron

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Conserving Natural Resources

• Whether or not the resource is renewable or
  nonrenewable, we should be careful how we use
  them
• Ways to conserve resources
• 1) Turn off water sources when not in use
• 2) Recycling - the use of used or discarded
  materials that have been reprocessed into new
  products
• 3) Turn off electrical sources when not in use
• 4) Ride a bike or walk whenever possible
• 5) Carpool

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Section 2 - Fossil Fuels

• Energy Resources - are natural resources that
  humans use to produce energy
• There are many types of renewable and
  nonrenewable energy resources
• All energy released by these resources originates
  with the sun
• Fossil Fuels - are nonrenewable energy resources
  that form in the Earths crust over millions of
  years from the buried remains of once living
  organisms
• Energy is released from fossil fuels when they
  are burned

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Liquid Fossil Fuels - Petroleum

• Petroleum - or crude oil, is an oily mixture of
  flammable organic compounds from which liquid
  fossils fuels and other products are separated
• Forms from microscopic sea life that dies,
  settles to the bottom of the ocean and gets
  buried
• Petroleum is separated into several types of
  products at refineries including
• 1) gasoline
• 2) jet fuel
• 3) kerosene
• 4) diesel fuel

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Solid Fossil Fuels - Coal

• Coal - is a solid fossil fuel formed underground
  from buried, decomposed plant material
• It is the only fossil fuel that is a rock
• It was once the leading source of energy in the
  U.S. (during the 1800 and 1900s)
• Coal is used much less today because it produces
  large amounts of air pollution, and better energy
  sources are now available.

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Gaseous Fossil Fuels - Natural Gas

• Natural Gas - are gaseous forms of fossil fuels
• Most natural gas is used for heating and
  generating electricity
• The main component in natural gas is methane
• Other components include butane and propane, each
  having their own uses

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How Do Fossil Fuels Form?

• All fossil fuels form from the buried remains of
  ancient organisms
• Different types of fossil fuels form in different
  ways
• Petroleum and Natural gas form mainly from the
  remains of microscopic sea life
• After the organisms die they settle to the bottom
  of the ocean and eventually get trapped in rock
• Over millions of years chemical and physical
  changes turn these organisms into petroleum and
  natural gas

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• Coal forms differently than natural gas and
  petroleum
• Coal forms underground over millions of years
  from decayed swamp plants
• So when these plants die they sink to the bottom
  of the swamp
• This begins the process of coal formation (pg.
  114)
• Stage 1- Peat (60 carbon)
• Stage 2 - Lignite (70 Carbon)
• Stage 3 - Bituminous Coal (80 Carbon)
• Stage 4 - Anthracite (90 Carbon)

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Where Are Fossil Fuels Found?

• Fossil fuels are found in many parts of the
  world both on land and under the sea
• The U.S. has large reserves of petroleum, natural
  gas, and coal
• Most oil and gas is found in California,
  Louisiana, and Texas
• Despite this the U.S. still imports 1/2 of its
  oil from the Middle East, South America, and
  Africa

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How Do Humans Obtain Fossil Fuels?

• Petroleum and Natural Gas are removed from the
  Earth by drilling into rocks that contain them
• Oil wells exist both on land and seas
• Coal is obtained either by mining deep beneath
  the Earth or by strip mining

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Dealing with Fossil-Fuel Problems

• So, what can be done to solve fossil-fuel
  problems?
• Finding alternative energy sources
• Riding on public transportation (bus, trolley,
  trains, etc)
• Bike, Walk, Skateboard, Carpooling, Scooter

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Problems with Fossil Fuels

• Some scientists believe that burning fossil fuels
  is significantly increasing the amount of CO2
  leading to global warming
• When coal burned sulfur dioxide is formed
• When sulfur dioxide mixes with water it forms
  sulfuric acid
• Acid Precipitation - is rain or snow tht has a
  high acid content due mainly to air pollution
• Burning petroleum products can cause smog
• Smog - is a photochemical fog produce from the
  reaction of sunlight with air pollution

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Chapter 5 Quiz 2

• 1) ___________ are natural resources that humans
  use to produce energy
• 2)___________, or crude oil, is an oily mixture
  of flammable compounds from which liquid fossil
  fuels are separated
• 3) ___________ is the only solid fossil fuel
• 4)____________ is rain or snow that has a higher
  than normal acid level
• 5) ___________ is a photochemical fog produce
  from the reaction of pollution with sunlight
• Bonus) __________ is organic matter that contains
  stored energy

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Section 3 - Alternative Resources

• The energy needs for industry, transportation,
  and housing are mostly met by electricity
• Most electricity is produced using fossil fuels
• What is the problem with using fossil fuels?
• When burned they cause pollution
• They are nonrenewable
• To continue our present lifestyles alternative
  resources (new sources of energy) must be found

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Splitting the Atom

• Nuclear Energy - is an alternative source of
  energy that is derived from the nuclei of atoms
• Nuclear energy is produced through a process know
  as fission
• Fission is a process where the nuclei of
  radioactive atoms are split in half and energy is
  released
• The energy released in a nuclear power plant is
  used to make steam, which turns a turbine on a
  generator which produces electricity.

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Pro Cons of Nuclear Energy

• Nuclear power plants provide alternative energy
  without polluting like fossil fuels, BUT,
• They produce radioactive wastes
• Radioactive wastes must be stored for thousands
  of years until they lose their radioactivity.
• A safe place must be found to store these wastes
  so radiation does not escape into the
  environment.

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Sitting in the Sun

• Solar Energy - is energy from the sun.
• Everyday the Earth receives more than enough
  solar energy to meet all of our energy needs
• Solar energy is renewable
• There are two common ways we use solar energy
• 1) Changing solar energy directly into
  electricity by using solar cells
• A single solar cell can only produce a tiny
  amount of energy
• This is perfect for something small like a
  calculator
• To produce electricity for larger objects (ie.
  House) you need thousands of cells
• Solar panels with thousands of cells in them are
  used

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• 2) Another way to use solar energy is by direct
  heating through solar collectors
• Solar collectors are dark colored boxes that
  become very hot
• Liquid (water) filled tubes run through the box,
  which heats up the liquid
• This is a good way to heat up water and store it
  in a water heater
• PROBLEMS WITH SOLAR CELLS/COLLECTORS
• COST
• EFFECIENCY

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Large-Scale Solar Power
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Capture the Wind

• Wind Energy - is the energy found in the wind
• You can see how much energy there is in wind when
  there is a hurricane or tornado
• Wind energy can also be used by humans to create
  electricity
• By attaching a generator to a large windmill you
  can produce electricity with the wind
• Pros
• Does not cause pollution
• It is renewable
• Can be built in 3 - 6 months
• Cons
• It isnt always windy everywhere, all the time
• Wind only blows strong enough to produce
  electricity in a few places

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Hydroelectric Energy

• Hydroelectric Energy - uses falling water to
  produce electricity
• Water is passed through the opening in a dam,
  where it spins a turbine connected to a generator
  producing electricity
• Pros
• Produces little pollution
• It is renewable
• Cons
• It is not available everywhere
• Can only be produced from large volumes of stored
  water
• Building dams can disrupt wildlife habitats

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Powerful Plants

• Biomass - is organic matter that contains stored
  energy
• Once living things, like plants and trees can be
  used as energy sources
• You usually burn them to release the energy
• Plant material can also be changed into liquid
  fuel
• Plants that contain sugars can be made into
  alcohol.
• Gasohol - a mixture of plant alcohol and gasoline
• Pros
• Renewable resource
• Cons
• It takes a lot of land to grow
• It takes up space that could use for food

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Deep Heat

• Geothermal Energy - is energy produced by heat
  within the Earths crust
• In some locations rainwater enters the ground
  near magma
• The water turns into steam, and hot water and
  steam escapes to the Earths surface
• Geothermal power plants use the steam to produce
  electricity and heat buildings