Chapter 3 Fresh Water Resources

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Chapter 3 Fresh Water Resources

• Section 1 Water to Drink

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• Ch. 3 Water to Drink, Section 1 Learning
  Objectives Water to Drink
• Describe sources of drinking water and how it is
  treated and distributed.
• Explain what happens to waste water

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• 1. Water qualityThe degree of purity of water,
  determined by measuring the substances in water,
  besides water molecules.

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• 2. pHHow acidic or basic a substance is,
  measured on a scale of 1 (very acidic) to 14
  (very basic).

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• 3. HardnessThe level of the minerals calcium
  and magnesium in water.

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• 4. ConcentrationThe amount of one substance in
  a certain volume of another substance.

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Water Treatment Process

• View before going over definitions
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?v9z14l51ISwg

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• 5. FiltrationThe process of passing water
  through a series of screens that allow the water
  through, but not larger solid particles.

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• 6. FlocsSticky globs created by adding a
  chemical such as alum during water treatment.

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• 7. CoagulationThe process by which particles in
  a liquid clump together a step in the water
  treatment process.

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Pharmaceuticals in Drinking Water

• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vc8M6MRqirKkfeature
  related
• Fish Pharm
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?v_PWnnlVj77Y

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• 8. SewageWater containing human wastes.

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Sewage Treatment Process

• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vgxgpK1EUZnsfeature
  related

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• 9. SludgeDeposits of fine solids that settle
  out from wastewater during the treatment process.

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• 10. Septic tankAn underground tank containing
  bacteria that treat wastewater as it passes
  through.

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• 11. Leach fieldThe ground area around a septic
  tank through which wastewater filters after
  leaving the tank.

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Notes

• 1. Our drinking water either comes from a
  ________________ or _____________ water supply.

surface
underground
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• 2. Four sources of drinking water
• a.
• b.
• c.
• d.

lakes
rivers
reservoirs
aquifer
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acidity

• 3. _________________________,
• _________________________, and
• _______________________are three
• factors that affect water quality.

hardness
Disease-causing organisms
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• 4. On the pH scale ______ to ______ would be
  acidic, ______is neutral, and _____ to _____ is
  basic.

0
7
14
8
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• 5. pH stands for
• _________________________.
• pH level refers to the amount of acid and
  alkaline contained inside of both the water and
  the growing medium or soil.  If the environment
  is too acidic, the plant will not attract enough
  hydrogen, while an environment that is too
  alkaline will attract too much hydrogen.  
• An environment that continually fluctuates from
  one extreme on the pH scale to the other is
  unhealthy for the plant.

potential Hydrogen
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hard

• 6. __________ water contains high levels of
  _______________ and ______________.

calcium
magnesium
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• 7. ____________________ is added to drinking
  water to
• __________________________.

chlorine
Kill disease causing micro-organisms
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Chapter 3 Fresh Water

• Section 2 Balancing Water Needs

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• DroughtA water shortage caused by scarce
  rainfall in a particular area.

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• 13. ConservationThe process of using a resource
  wisely so it will not be used up.

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• 14. DesalinationThe process of obtaining fresh
  water from salt water by removing the salt.

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• 1. A water shortage occurs when there
• is _______________water, or too great
• a _______________, or both.

too little
demand
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• 2. Three major forms of water conservation by
  industries
• A.
• B.
• C.

Reduce water
Recycle water
Reuse water
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• 3. Two possible future sources of fresh
• water are___________________ and
• _________________.
• Environmental questions with the ice berg
• How would a huge mass of ice offshore affect the
  local weather?
• What would happen to the living things as the ice
  cooled around it?

Salt water (desalination)
icebergs
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• 4. Five ways you can conserve water at home
• A.
• B.
• C.
• D.
• E.

Take shorter showers
Scrub vegetables in a basin of water, not under
running water
Keep a pitcher of drinking water in the
refrigerator instead of running the water till it
gets cold
Turn off the faucet instead of letting it run
Only run the washing machine when you have a full
load
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Chapter 3 Fresh Water

• Section 3 Freshwater Pollution

Water The basics of use, pollution, and our
health in 5 minutes. http//www.youtube.com/watch?
vXMmpg35Bym0
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• 15. Water pollutionThe addition of any
  substance that has a negative effect on water or
  the living things that depend on the water.

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• 16. Point sourceA specific source of pollution
  that can be identified, such as a pipe.

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• 17. Nonpoint sourceA widely spread source of
  pollution that is difficult to link to a specific
  point of origin, such as road runoff.

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• 18. Acid rainRain that is more acidic than
  normal, caused by the release of molecules of
  sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide into the air.

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• 19. PesticideA chemical intended to kill
  insects and other organisms that damage crops.

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• 1. Four major sources of water pollution are
• A.
• B.
• C.
• D.

Human wastes
Industrial wastes
Agricultural chemicals
Runoff from roads
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Cholera

• 2. _______________________ is
• caused by ________________waste.

bacteria in human
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• 3. Three types of industrial pollutants
• A.
• B.
• C.

Chemicals
Smoke and exhaust
Heat pollution
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• 4. __________________rain is caused
• by the _________________and
• ____________released by smokestacks
• and ___________exhaust.

Acid
Sulfur dioxide
Nitrogen oxide
car, truck, bus
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• 5. The rich supply of nutrients from
  _____________________encourages the growth of
  ________________and algae in nearby bodies of
  water.

fertilizers
plants
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• What can you do?
• See Dr. Eddie Widder is doing-Making Water
  Pollution Visible
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vkzjssMaQr6A

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Chapter 3 Fresh Water

• Section 4 Water as an Energy Resource

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• 20. Kinetic energyThe form of energy that an
  object has when it is moving.

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• 21. Potential energyEnergy that is stored and
  waiting to be used.

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• 22. Hydroelectric powerElectricity produced by
  the kinetic energy of water moving over a
  waterfall or dam.

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• 1. Four types of Energy in a Hydroelectric Power
  Plant
• A.
• B.
• C.
• D.
• Hydroelectric power http//www.youtube.com/watch?
  vrnPEtwQtmGQ
• Pg. 107 in text

Kinetic energy-form of energy an object has when
it is moving
Potential energy-energy stored and waiting to be
used
Hydroelectric power-electricity produced by the
kinetic energy of water moving over a waterfall
or a dam.
Electrical energy
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• 2. Three negative impacts a dam can have on an
  area
• A.
• B.
• C.

Flooding the land can destroy wildlife habitats
as well as farms and towns
organisms can not survive the change of once fast
moving waters becoming still
The dam is a barrier across the river and it may
prevent fish from traveling to the parts of a
river where they usually lay their eggs and young
fish are hatched.
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• Three positive impacts a dam can have on an area
• A.
• B.
• C.

Water power is the least expensive
Water is the least polluting large scale energy
source
Dams can supply water for irrigation and help in
flood control