International Arctic

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International Arctic
Research Center
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Glaciers are receding
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2008?
2007?
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Russian icebreaker Kapitan Dranitsyn
Data from NABOS mooring
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1970???????????????? ????????
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International Arctic
Research Center
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????????? (midnight sun)
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IPCC?1960????????? CO2 (?????)??????
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• Solar Input to the top of the atmosphere 100
  (257 kcal/cm2/years)
• Reflection 30
• Earth surface absorbs 47
• Greenhouse effect 96
• Total 47 96 143

• Output from the earth surface
• Evaporation 24
• Transpiration 6
• Surface radiation (15C) 113
• Total 24 6 113 143

• 100 (30 Reflection) 70
• Stefan-Holtzman equation (T4) -18C

• Total 143 31C

• 143 (6 Transpiration) 137
  28C

• 137 (24 Evaporation) 113
  15C

• 100 5C

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• Solar Input to the top of the atmosphere 100
  (257 kcal/cm2/years)
• Reflection 30
• Earth surface absorbs 47
• Greenhouse effect 96
• Total 47 96 143

20
57
43
100
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• Output from the earth surface
• Evaporation 24
• Transpiration 6
• Surface radiation (15C) 113
• Total 24 6 113 143

0
(5C)
0
100
100
0
0
100

• 100 (30 Reflection) 70
• Stefan-Holtzman equation (T4) -18C

• Total 143 31C

• 143 (6 Transpiration) 137
  28C

• 137 (24 Evaporation) 113
  15C

• 100 5C

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International Arctic
Research Center
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Temperature, C
Ka, bp
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Nuclear crisis
Global warming crisis
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2008?
2007?
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IPCC?1960????????? CO2 (?????)??????
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IPCC (2007) Report, p. 10

• Most of the observed increase in globally
  averaged temperatures since the mid-20th century
  is very likely due to the observed increase in
  anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations.

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Glaciers
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1890????????5??????(???)
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The Frozen River Thames in London (a) in
December 1676 (The painting by Abraham Hondius
is reproduced by courtesy of the Museum of
London.) (b) in February 1684.
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