CUIN 6371 Models of Teaching

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CUIN 6371Models of Teaching

• Fall, 2003
• Howard L. Jones
• Session 2
• National Training Laboratory

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Social Interaction

• Teaching About Society
• Jurisprudential Oliver and Shaver
• Role Playing/Simulations
• Teaching Social Skills
• National Training Laboratory
• Teaching Academic Content
• Social Skills
• Various Forms of Cooperative Learning

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Not Uncommon Thinking
To get the job done, a committee should consist
of three personstwo of whom are absent
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• If I had to identify, in one word, the reason
  why the human race has not achieved its full
  potential, that would be the word meeting.
• Dave Barry

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Less Common Thinking
All for one one for all
Alexander Dumas
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The Eleventh Commandment
Thou shall not committee!
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And to balance from the Christian Perspective
God so loved the world that He didnt send a
committee!
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Gourds Axiom

• A meeting is an event at which the minutes are
  kept and hours are lost.

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Where Did They Come From?

• Original Theory/Philosophy
• Application of Original Theory
• Model of Teaching

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1947an unusual year

• Rapid personal and social changes

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Agrarian SocietyIndustrialized
SocietyInformation Society
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Transitions in Lifestyle

• Present Norms
• Little family sharing
• Limited basic life training
• More heterogeneous values
• Huge surplus of info
• High technology
• Few required tasks
• Little family work
• Extended families far away
• Many broken homes
• General anonymity

• Not too long ago
• Much family sharing
• Extensive basic life training
• More homogeneous values
• Low level of information
• Low technology
• Many required tasks
• Much family work
• Extended families nearby
• Few broken homes
• Little anonymity

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1947an unusual year

• Rapid personal and social changes
• Need for adaptive mechanism that serves both
  individual rehabilitation and social
  reconstruction

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1947an unusual year

• Rapid personal and social changes
• Need for adaptive mechanism that serves both
  individual rehabilitation and social
  reconstruction
• The ability to live with ambiguity and change, to
  work interdependently, to be socially inventive

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Kurt Lewin to Ronald Lippitt

• The American cultural ideal of the self-made
  man, of everyone standing on his own feet, is as
  tragic a picture as the initiative-destroying
  dependence on a benevolent despot. We all need
  each other. This type of interdependence is the
  greatest challenge to the maturity of individual
  and group functioning.

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Albert Einstein What I Believe (1930)

• A hundred times a dayI remind myself that my
  inner and outer lives are based on the labors
  of others both living and dead and that I
  must work to repay thesedebts.

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Growing out of a need

• to deal with complex bureaucratic organizations
  which depersonalize human relations
• There is an eclipse of community and a sense of
  helpless isolation.
• The ability to live with ambiguity and change,
  to work interdependently, to be socially
  inventive, to meet social requirements are all
  requirements for social membership. (Leland
  Bradford, 1961)

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Laboratory Training

• an educational strategy which is based
  primarily on the experiences generated in the
  various social encounters by the learners
  themselves, and which aims to influence attitudes
  and develop competencies toward learning about
  human interaction.
• Schein and Bennis, Personal and Organizational
  Change Through Group Methods

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National Training LaboratoryTraining
GroupT-GroupEncounter GroupsSensitivity
Training
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(No Transcript)
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Teaching is the creation of environments in which
students cognitive and social structures can
emerge and change
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Learning.

• is viewed as a transaction between the learner
  and the environment in which neither can be
  regarded as fixedThe target of education is
  change and growth in the individual and his
  behavior.
• Bradford, Human Forces in Teaching and Learning

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Field TheoryBehavior is a Function ofPerson
.......................Environment

• B f (P, E)
• Kurt Lewin

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Essentially

• A kind of social vacuum is produced
• Leadership, agenda, expectationsare blurred or
  missing
• The groupnot just a collection of
  individualspossesses its own unique qualities

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Goals

• Intrapersonal
• Interpersonal
• Group Dynamics
• Self-Direction

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Necessity psychological safety
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Compass DirectionsActivities
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NORTH Acting Lets Do it!
Likes to act, try things, plunge in
WEST EAST Paying attention to detail -
Speculating Likes to
know who, what,
Likes to look at the when, where, why,
before acting
big picture, the
possibilities, before acting
SOUTH Caring Likes to
know that everyones feelings have
been taken into consideration, that
their voices have been heard, before
acting
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NORTH Acting Lets Do it!
Likes to act, try things, plunge in
WEST EAST Paying attention to detail -
Speculating Likes to
know who, what,
Likes to look at the when, where, why,
before acting
big picture, the
possibilities, before acting
SOUTH Caring Likes to
know that everyones feelings have
been taken into consideration, that
their voices have been heard, before
acting
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NORTH Acting Lets Do it!
Likes to act, try things, plunge in
WEST EAST Paying attention to detail -
Speculating Likes to
know who, what,
Likes to look at the when, where, why,
before acting
big picture, the
possibilities, before acting
SOUTH Caring Likes to
know that everyones feelings have
been taken into consideration, that
their voices have been heard, before
acting
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NORTH Acting Lets Do it!
Likes to act, try things, plunge in
WEST EAST Paying attention to detail -
Speculating Likes to
know who, what,
Likes to look at the when, where, why,
before acting
big picture, the
possibilities, before acting
SOUTH Caring Likes to
know that everyones feelings have
been taken into consideration, that
their voices have been heard, before
acting
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NORTH Acting Lets Do it!
Likes to act, try things, plunge in
WEST EAST Paying attention to detail -
Speculating Likes to
know who, what,
Likes to look at the when, where, why,
before acting
big picture, the
possibilities, before acting
SOUTH Caring Likes to
know that everyones feelings have
been taken into consideration, that
their voices have been heard, before
acting
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Compass Questions

• What are the potential benefits associated with
  your direction?
• What are the potential limitations associated
  with your direction?
• With which other direction(s) do you have the
  most difficulty working as you start a group
  project? Why?
• What do you want people in other directions to
  know or understand about working with you?

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Wilderness Survival
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Wilderness Survival
Team Initial Average Team Score
Compass Point Players 3.8
The Chicks 4.5
Four Corners 4.4
The Internationals 7.25
Synergy 3.6
Jaguars 5
Change 1.2 0.5 1.6 0.75 0.4 1.0
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Synergy

• To work together

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Syntax of NTL Model

• Dilemma

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Syntax of NTL Model

• Dilemma
• Invention

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Syntax of NTL Model

• Dilemma
• Invention
• Feedback

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Feedback.

• communicating to a person or a group about how
  his, her, or their behavior has affected us or
  other people.

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Feedback is useful if.

• It describes what a person is doing rather than
  placing a value on it
• It is specific rather than general
• It is directed toward behavior which the receiver
  can do something about
• It is well-timed
• It is asked for rather than imposed
• It is checked to ensure clear communication

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Syntax of NTL Model

• Dilemma
• Invention
• Feedback
• Generalization

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Syntax of NTL Model

• Dilemma
• Invention
• Feedback
• after Blake and Mouton Generalization

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A Focus on the Here and Now
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Lost at Sea
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Scoring Lost at Sea

• Your Rating Correct Answer Difference
• __5_ Sextant __8_ Sextant 3
• __11_Shaving _5_Shaving 6
• Mirror Mirror
• __1__Water __1_Water 0
• Sum of D1...15
• 
  Differences

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Wilderness Survival and Lost at Sea
Team Initial Average Team Score
Compass Point Players 3.8/62.8 57
The Chicks 4.5/74.5 72
Four Corners 4.4/48.2 16
The Internationals 7.25/71.75 60
Synergy 3.6/73.6 65
Jaguars 5/
Change 1.2 0.5 1.6 0.75 0.4 1.0
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Johari Window
Known to Unknown to Self Self
Known to Others Unknown to Others
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Johari WindowJoe Ingham Harry Luft
Known to Unknown to Self Self
Known to Others Unknown to Others
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Johari Window
Known to Unknown to Self Self
Arena
Known to Others Unknown to Others
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Johari Window
Known to Unknown to Self Self
Arena
Blindspot
Blindspot
Known to Others Unknown to Others
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Johari Window
Known to Unknown to Self Self
Arena
Blindspot
Blindspot
Known to Others Unknown to Others
Private
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Johari Window
Known to Unknown to Self Self
Arena
Blindspot
Blindspot
Known to Others Unknown to Others
Private
Unknown
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Meeting behaviors that we really despise

• Agnes
• Beatrice
• Clarence
• Dora
• Simon

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NTL Syntax
Ability to cope with change
Laboratory Method Model
Insight into Reason for Interpersonal Behavior
Skill in Negotiation, Self-Expression
Acceptance of Affective Nature of Human Responses
Tolerance of Diversity
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The Tribes Program
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Three Perspectives

• Teachers have an extensive array of alternative
  approaches to use in teaching.
• Methods make a difference in what is learned
  as well as how it is learned. The difference is
  probabilistic.
• Students are a powerful part of the learning
  experience being created, and they react
  differently to any given teaching method.

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Not everyone really is enamored with NTL.

• Check the websites

For Example.
Beginning in the 40s, German psychologist, Kurt
Lewin, developed Sensitivity Training or
T-groups to show how people could be socially
and psychologically manipulated to give up their
souls....
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But there is a history
NTL Group Investigation Cooperative
Learning
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Next we deal with

• Group Investigation and Cooperative Learning and

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John Dewey (1859-1956)
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To be continued