Cultural Diversity and its Effects on Learning and Teaching

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Cultural Diversity and its Effects on Learning
and Teaching

• Monica A. Devanas
• Teaching Excellence Center
• Rutgers University

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Diverse Students

• motivational and learning characteristics of
  students different from white, middle class males
• interplay of social and cultural diversity and
  learning style, curriculum content and
  instructional style

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Diverse Students

• Social relational skills, values, characteristics
• Information processing orientations and skills
• Communication patterns
• Learning styles and strategies
• Motivational styles
• Psychological characteristics

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Cultural, Learning and Motivational Styles

• Non-traditional
• Social interactions
• Peer cooperation
• Performance
• Visual perception
• Symbolic expression
• Narrative

• Traditional
• Independence
• Competition
• Verbal skills

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Cultural, Learning and Motivational Styles

• Females
• affiliation
• relationships
• collaborative- cooperative interaction

• Males
• separation
• autonomy
• competitive achievements

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Learning Styles

• Relational
• holistic, global
• intuitive
• social
• verbal
• nonacademic task oriented
• affected by opinions
• withdraw from drill
• style conflicts with school environments

• Analytical
• focus on detail
• sequential
• impersonal
• abstract
• academic task oriented
• not affected by opinions
• persist in drills
• styles matches school environments

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Experiential Learning Model

• Concrete Experience
• Testing Implications Observations
  and
• of Concepts in New
  Reflections
• Situations
• Formation of Abstract
• Concepts and Generalizations

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Experiential Learning Model

• Concrete Experience
• 
  
• Testing Implications Observations
  and
• of Concepts in New
  Reflections
• Situations
• Formation of Abstract
• Concepts and Generalizations

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Experiential Learning Model

• Visual
• Concrete Experience
• 
  
• Testing Implications
  Observations and
• of Concepts in New
  Reflections
• Situations
• Connected
  Separate
• Formation of Abstract
• Concepts and Generalizations
• Verbal

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Learning Styles and Strategies

• Felder and Soloman Model
• Active/Reflective
• Sensing/Intuitive
• Visual/Verbal
• Sequential/Global
• http//www2.ncsu.edu/unity/lockers/users/f/felder/
  public/ILSpage.html

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Effective Teaching Strategies

• Concrete Experience- readings, examples,
  fieldwork, problems, observations, simulations,
  primary texts, films, games

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Effective Teaching Strategies

• Concrete Experience- readings, examples,
  fieldwork, problems, observations, simulations,
  primary texts, films, games
• Reflective Observation - logs, journals,
  discussion, brainstorming, thought/rhetorical
  questions

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Effective Teaching Strategies

• Concrete Experience- readings, examples,
  fieldwork, problems, observations, simulations,
  primary texts, films, games
• Reflective Observation - logs, journals,
  discussion, brainstorming, thought/rhetorical
  questions
• Abstract Conceptualization - lecture, papers,
  projects, analogies, model building

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Effective Teaching Strategies

• Concrete Experience- readings, examples,
  fieldwork, problems, observations, simulations,
  primary texts, films, games
• Reflective Observation - logs, journals,
  discussion, brainstorming, thought/rhetorical
  questions
• Abstract Conceptualization - lecture, papers,
  projects, analogies, model building
• Active Experimentation - projects, fieldwork,
  homework, laboratory, case study, simulations

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UCLA Freshman Survey

• 1998 33rd year
• sampled 383,815 students,
• 668 Two Four Year Institutions
• adjusted 275,811 students,
• 469 Institutions
• represent 1.6 M entering 1st year students

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UCLA Freshman Survey

• 82.9 Internet educational, research tool
• 65.9 email
• 54.2 chat rooms
• 72.9 other
• 80.4 play computer games

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UCLA Freshman Survey

• private public black
  colleges
• email in HS 80.1 41.4
• homework 90.2 77.6

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UCLA Freshman Survey

• Interest in
• Politics Law
• 1998 25.9 3.0
• 1997 26.7 3.3
• 1966 57.8 1989 5.4
• record low

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UCLA Freshman Survey

• Volunteerism in HS
• 1998 74.2
• 1997 73.1
• 1989 62.0
• record high

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UCLA Freshman Survey

• Academic Disengagement
• (bored in class in HS)
• 1998 37.7
• 1997 36.0
• 1985 26.4
• record high

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• Implementing the Principles of
• Good Practice
• for Diverse Learning Styles
• Technology as the Lever

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Promising Instructional Technologies

• Visual Materials
• artifacts
• overhead projector and slides
• computer graphic presentation
• movies, video, videodisk

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Promising Instructional Technologies

• Visual Materials
• artifacts
• overhead projector and slides
• computer graphic presentation
• movies, video, videodisk
• Auditory Materials
• tapes
• instruments
• human voices

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Classroom Technologies

• Smart Classrooms (HEFT)
• see, hear, breathe
• equipment
• overhead, ceiling, 16 mm, slides
• VCR, CD/Video disk
• computer connections
• audio tape player/recorder

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Video Conferencing

• Open your Classroom to the World
• languages, cultures, literature, film
• Students at a Distance
• Research, Meetings, Seminars

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EXTRA-classroomInstructional Technologies

• Electronic data bases
• library
• web-based
• Graphic Data
• Statistical Data

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EXTRA-classroomInstructional Technologies

• Email
• Listserv
• newsgroups/discussion groups
• chat rooms real time
• web-based materials
• on-line courses

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Uses of Email

• Communication - QA, virtual office hours
• Information distribution - FAQs, announcements
• Course Organization - homework, assignments
• Content Enrichment

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Intro to Macro Micro Economics

• http//TeachX.rutgers.edu/gag

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Biomedical Issues of AIDS

• http//www.rci.rutgers.edu/devanas/AIDS

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Students Listserv Discussions

• megan wrote just a question to ponder.... how
  do you think life will change if a cure is
  found. do you think people will change their
  attitudes
• In respone to megan if there was a cure i think
  people will have another excuse to hace
  unprotected sex. I know many people who refuse to
  use
• For the past week or so, I have received many
  emaill messages about a conspiracy theory. It
  bothered me to hear that people had that little
  faith in their government..
• in response to what megan wrote...i think people
  will still have protected sex because the cure
  for AIDS is going to be very expensive, and
  besides
• I must say that for those of you who believe that
  our government would not withhold the cure for
  AIDS, have to much faith in their government

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Listserv Discussion Groups

• Group 2 Should convicted criminals be required
  to disclose their HIV status and/or be tested for
  HIV?
• Many people agreed that, for the majority of
  cases, a criminal should not be forced to be
  tested and therefore disclose their information.
  Afterall, as someone stated, "having your
  personal medical records made public is not part
  of the sentence." Others felt that it would be
  too expensive to test everyone in prison and that
  the money could be used elsewhere. The fact is
  that other inmates would discriminate against the
  HIV positive person and a great deal of violence
  would occur. If you think about it, why should
  criminals be forced to be tested and/or forced to
  disclose their personal medical history just
  because they are in jail? Afterall, they don't
  test you for any other diseases in jail- why only
  HIV?

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Conferencing Software

• Conferencing - Web-Based Discussion
• Nicenet (http//www.nicenet.org)
• NetscapeProfessional, Allaire Forum
• WebCT (https//webct.rutgers.edu/)
• conferencing
• organization
• testing

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Testing Software

• Half-Baked Potato Software
• http//web.uvic.ca/hrd/halfbaked/
• JBC on-line quizzes (multiple choice)
• JQuiz (short answers)
• Markin (annotate text)
• PerfectMatch (beta preview)
• http//biomedia.bio.purdue.edu/PerfectMatch/
• match image with concept

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Precautions for using Instructional Technologies

• Purpose
• Evaluation of Effectiveness
• teaching
• learning
• Back-up plans
• Reliance on Infrastrucure

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Highly Interactive Learning Model

• Bork Model
• New Learning Structures
• learning and evaluation blended
• frequent interaction (20 sec)
• Socratic format
• memory of learning style
• http//www.educause.edu/ir/library/html/erm9946.ht
  ml

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Assessment

• Student survey
• Instructor satisfaction
• Attendance
• Graduates
• quantitative scores

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Seven Principles of Good Practice

• Increase Contact Cooperation
• Active Learning Feedback
• Time on Task High
  Expectations
• Respects Diverse Talents and Ways of Learning
• Chickering and Ehrmann 1996 IMPLEMENTING THE
  SEVEN PRINCIPLES Technology as Lever. AAHE
  Bulletin

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Teaching Effectiveness Goal

• Research - Strategies - Assessment
• Multicultural Teaching Repertoire is.
• effective teaching for all students

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