Energy systems for HEVs

1
Energy systems for HEVs
Sanna Severins (speaker 1) Rob Wering (speaker
2) Ellen Bevelander Mark van de Mee Luc van
Ravenstein
Onze date met de Prius
2

• Goal
• Introduction
• Distinctions in HEVs
• Battery requirements
• Battery types
• BMS
• Comparison
• Conclusions
• Acknowledgements

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Goal

• Propulsion of HEVs
• Battery system and BMS
• NiMH vs. Lithium-ion

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Introduction

• Conventional cars
• Low efficiency
• Emission of greenhouse gases
• Electrical vehicles
• Short driving range
• Low top speed
• High cost of large battery
• Hybrid electric vehicle
• Combination of advantages of both conventional
  and electrical vehicles

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Distinctions in HEVs

• Series/Parallel/Combination

Series Parallel
Powersplit
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Battery requirements

• Excellent high rate charge acceptance
• High power density and specific power
• Long calendar life
• Reasonable energy density and specific energy
• High energy efficiency
• Cheap, safe and environment-friendly

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Battery types

• NiMH
• Lithium-ion
• Lithium-Polymer
• Other batteries

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NiMH

• Overall Reaction

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NiMH

• Advantages
• High specific power and power density
• High specific energy and energy density
• Long calendar life
• High charge rate possible
• High energy efficiency
• Non-toxic and recyclable
• Zero maintenance
• Safe, tolerant to over(dis)charge

• Disadvantages
• Relatively high self-discharge
• Memory effect
• Relatively high heat generation

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Li-ion

• Overall reaction

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Li-ion

• Advantages
• High specific power and power density
• High specific energy and energy density
• Long calendar life
• High charge rate possible
• High energy efficiency
• Non-toxic and recyclable
• High cell voltage
• No Memory-effect
• Low heat generation

• Disadvantages
• High cost
• Over(dis)charge can lead to explosion danger

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Characteristics compared
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Battery types Lithium-Polymer

• Problems
• Costs
• Conductivity
• (Electro)chemical stability
• Operating temperature range
• Self-discharge

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Battery types Other batteries

• Unsuitable
• Nickel Cadmium
• Lead acid

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BMS

• Tasks
• Choice of propulsion (Car management)
• Temperature control
• Control of SOC
• Charge balancing

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Car Management

• When stationary

Toyota Prius
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• When starting up

• When accelerating

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• When cruising

• When decelerating

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Temperature control

• Cooling of pack
• Heating of pack
• Preheating of the catalyst

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State of Charge (SOC) control
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Charge balancing

• prevent shortening useful lives of battery pack

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Comparison NiMH vs. Li-ion
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Conclusions

• Energy savings
• Efficiency HEV
• BMS
• NiMH vs. Li-ion
• Li-polymer promising

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Acknowledgements

• Prof. Dr. P.H.L. Notten
• S. Mourad (TNO Automotive)
• Prof. Hirokawa (Hiroshima University)
• I. Matsumoto (Matsushita Battery Industrial co.,
  LTD.)
• E. Inada (Nissan motor co., LTD.)
• D. Schmall (TNO Automotive)
• G. Wijffelaars (Lanoto Eindhoven)
• Dr. Ir. J.C. Reijenga