Occupational Exposures to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories

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Occupational Exposures to Hazardous Chemicals in
Laboratories
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EHS Services

• Environmental - Bill Diesslin 4-2105
• Safety - Lou Mitchell 4-7668
• Health Physics - Ken Kerns 4-0746
• Industrial Hygiene - Paul Richmond 4-9698
• Biosafety - Julie Johnson 4-7657
• Waste Pickup 4-7667

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Chemical Hygiene Plan Training Objectives

• Reduce number of lab accidents
• Achieve OSHA compliance

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Chemical Hygiene Plan Training is not designed to

• Satisfy all required elements of the Lab Standard
• Provide detailed safety training

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Additional Laboratory Safety Training Resources

• Lab Safety Series
• PPE, Ventilation, Chemical Storage, Lab
  Inspections, Fire, Compressed Gases
• Chem 550
• Comprehensive
• Grad Students
• Video Library

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Why Comply?
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Historical Background of Lab Safety Standard

• Chemical Disaster--Bhopal, India - 1984
• Sara Title III - Community Right to Know Act -
  1985
• Hazard Communication Standard - 1986
• Lab Safety Standard - 1991

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Scope and Application
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"Hazardous chemical"

• a chemical for which there is statistically
  significant evidence based on at least one study
  conducted in accordance with established
  scientific principles that acute or chronic
  health effects may occur in exposed employees

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Standard applies to lab use of hazardous chemicals

• lab use
• small quantities
• one person can manipulate easily
• non-production basis
• hazardous chemicals
• carcinogens, toxic or highly toxic agents,
  reproductive toxins, irritants, corrosives,
  sensitizers, hepatotoxins, nephrotoxins,
  neurotoxins, agents which act on the
  hematopoietic systems, and agents which damage
  the lungs, skin, eyes, or mucous membranes

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Standard does not apply to

• non-laboratory use of hazardous chemicals
• dip-and-read tests
• commercially prepared kits

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ISU Chemical Hygiene Plan

• I. Responsibilities
• II. Hazard Control Measures
• III. Employee Information Training
• IV. Exposure Assessments
• V. Medical Exams

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I. Responsibilities
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• EHS
• Develops Chemical Hygiene Plan oversees
  implementation
• Houses the ISU Chemical Hygiene Officer
• Departments
• Adapt and implement the Chemical Hygiene Plan
• Designate a departmental Chemical Hygiene Officer
  
• Laboratory Supervisors
• Develop Standard Operating Procedures
• Implement training, enforcement and recordkeeping

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II. Hazard Control Measures
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1. Administrative Controls

• Assign a departmental Chemical Hygiene Officer
• Ensure lab supervisors know their responsibilities

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2. Operational Controls

• Generic Standard Operating Procedures
• Specific Standard Operating Procedures
• Prior Approval

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Generic Standard Operating Procedures (common
sense dos and donts)

• Developed by EHS
• Included in the Chemical Hygiene Plan
• Examples
• Chemical storage
• Using compressed gases
• Emergency response

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Specific Standard Operating Procedures

• Lab employees write them
• Specific to each experimental procedure
• No required format
• Required content
• hazard controls
• personal protective equipment
• health safety information
• decontamination waste disposal procedures

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Prior approval for acutely hazardous materials
(1of 2)

• Required when using
• select carcinogens
• OSHA listed carcinogens
• NTP, IARC known or suspected carcinogens
• reproductive toxins
• acutely toxic/dangerous substances

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Prior approval for acutely hazardous materials
(2of 2)

• Obtain prior approval
• Train employees
• Establish a designated use area
• Designate control measures (e.g., fume hoods)
• Identify personal protective equipment
• Establish decontamination procedures
• Establish waste disposal procedures

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3. Engineering Controls

• Fume Hoods
• Biosafety Cabinets
• Substitution

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4. Other Control Measures

• Protective Equipment
• respirators, goggles, gloves, lab coats
• Safety Equipment
• safety showers, eyewashes, fire extinguishers,
  first aid kits, explosion-proof refrigerators
• Laboratory Maintenance and Inspection
• safety inspections, fumehood condition, chemical
  storage, spill kits, etc.

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III. Employee Information Training
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Training shall occur

• Before personnel are assigned to laboratory
• Prior to new tasks involving hazardous chemicals

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Required Information

• Lab Standard content (Appendix I Chemical Hygiene
  Plan)
• Location of Chemical Hygiene Plan, MSDSs, other
  safety reference materials
• Exposure limits - OSHA, ACGIH, NIOSH
• Signs and symptoms associated with exposure

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Required Training

• Physical and health hazards
• Methods to detect presence or release of
  chemicals
• Measures employees can take to reduce or
  eliminate exposure to hazardous chemicals

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Injury / Exposure Treatment Contacts

• Normal Working Hours
• Student Health Center _at_ 294-5801
• Occupational Medicine Office _at_ 294-2056
• Occupational Healthworks _at_ 239-4496
• After Hours / Emergencies
• Mary Greeley Medical Center Emergency Room _at_
  239-2155

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IV. Exposure Assessments
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• Initial monitoring with
• signs or symptoms of overexposure
• you suspect exposure limits have been exceeded
• Periodic monitoring
• determined carried out by EHS

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V. Medical Exams
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• Offered as appropriate
• Required where mandated
• Occupational Medicine Program
• Hazard Inventory
• noise
• carcinogens
• acutely toxic chemicals
• radioactive materials
• biological hazards

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Hazardous Waste Management

• Wastes Considered Non-Hazardous

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Hazardous Chemical Inventories

• An inventory of hazardous chemicals is required

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Lab Safety Compliance Checklist

• Designate a departmental Chemical Hygiene Officer
  
• Inform and train lab personnel
• Develop specific standard operating procedures
• Use special procedures with carcinogens,
  reproductive toxins acutely hazardous materials
• Label all chemical containers
• Obtain MSDSs for all chemicals
• Ensure appropriate hazard controls are in place
• Document training, lab inspections, prior
  approvals, exposure assessments
• Compile chemical inventories