Title: Prudent Practices in the Laboratory and Hazardous Waste Management
1Prudent Practices in the Laboratory and
Hazardous Waste Management
- Presented by Department of Safety
- Risk Management
- University of Rhode Island
- 177 Plains Road
- Kingston , RI 02881
- Tel 401-874-2618
- Fax 401-789-5126
- E-mail SRM_at_etal.uri.edu
- Web http//www.uri.edu/safety
- Instructor Barbara Ray, Hazmat Coordinator
- 2006
2UPDATE (Mandatory) RI Fire Code Announcement
- In all places of assembly (50 or more seats) the
following announcement must be made - 1.The emergency exits are located (state
locations and point out) - 2. All attendees must evacuate when so directed
by public announcement or when the fire alarm
sounds - When first class, all public seminars
3Prudent Practices in the Laboratory and
Hazardous Waste Management
- Why is this so important?
- Protect worker health
- Safeguard environment
- Prevent accidents and injuries
- Prepare for emergencies
- Its the law
- Regulatory compliance prevents fines
- Receive grants from federal and state agencies
- Reduce insurance costs
4Regulations
- OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health
Administration) - 29 CFR 1910.1450 Occupational Exposures to
Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories (The Lab
Standard) - Performance Based
- Protects Worker Health and Safety in the
Workplace - based on book Prudent Practices by National
Research Council - See httpwww.nap.edu/books/0309052297.html
- EPA (Environmental Protection Agency)
- 40 CFR 260-265, 270
- Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
- Regulation Based - no options - follow exact
rules - Protects Environment
53 and 4 letter Words
- OSHA EPA
- RCRA CAA
- BOCA CWA
- NFPA EMS
- SPCC DEM
- SWMP CDC
6Responsibility and Accountability
Everyone Has Responsibility for Chemical Hygiene
and Lab Safety and Proper Disposal of Hazardous
Waste at the University of Rhode
Island President Deans Department
Chairs Principal Investigators Laboratory
workers Students Department of Safety and Risk
Management Chemical Hygiene Officers
7Prudent Planning of Experiments
- Define goals of the experiment
- Research the hazards of the chemicals involved
before use - consult MSDSs, Labels, and reference
materials for prudent practice - Write Standard Operating Procedures for use of
hazardous materials and apparatus - Follow safety guidelines in the lab and URI CHP
- Consider risk assessment, acquisition and storage
of chemicals, handling of chemicals and
equipment, and disposal of waste
8Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP)
- Document required by federal law in every
laboratory in US where hazardous chemicals are in
use - Laboratory personnel must be familiar with URIs
CHP and laboratory SOPs
- The Chemical Hygiene Plan provides provisions for
protecting personnel from the health hazards
associated with the chemicals present in that
laboratory
9Contents of A Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP)
- 1. Written Standard Operating
- Procedures (SOPs) for safe chemical use
- 2. Control Measures to reduce exposure
ventilation, PPE, hygiene practices - 3. Performance testing of hoods and PPE
- 4. Training Hazards of chemicals,
- location of CHP, PEL of chemicals, signs and
symptoms of exposure, MSDS and other reference
materials - 5. Identify operations so hazardous they require
prior approval ex. Highly toxic or highly
volatile chemicals
- 6. Provision for Medical exams
- If employee shows signs or symptoms
- If air monitoring concentrationgtPEL
- If explosion, large spill or other event results
in the potential of exposure - 7. Designate Chemical Hygiene Officer
- 8. Must provide additional protection for
particularly hazardous substances select
carcinogens, reproductive toxins, chemicals with
high acute toxicity - 9. Maintain showers and eyewashes in operable
condition. Test periodically. Clean eyewashes
weekly
10What Does Your Lab Need to Do to Comply?
1. DEVELOP LABORATORY-SPECIFIC CHEMICAL HYGIENE
PLAN-Follow guidelines in URI generic Chemical
Hygiene Plan. 2. Adopt good chemical hygiene and
prudent laboratory practices. 3. Make sure
chemical Inventory is complete and up to date. 4.
Use the inventory to identify those chemicals
that meet the definition of carcinogens,
reproductive toxins, and acutely hazardous
chemicals and designate areas for appropriate
use. 5. Use appropriate Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE). 6. Write Standard Operating
Procedures (SOPs) for each lab to minimize
occupational exposure to acutely hazardous
chemicals, carcinogens and reproductive
toxins. 7. Use acutely hazardous chemicals in
hoods for proper ventilation control. 8. Store
hazardous chemicals by hazard class. 9. Inspect
container integrity/condition frequently.
11What Does Your Lab Need to Do to Comply? (cont.)
10. Label all containers in lab with chemical
name and hazard. No unknown containers. 11.
Maintain MSDS for each hazardous chemical 12.
Medical Monitoring is required if signs and
symptoms of exposure occur. 13. Air monitoring is
required if signs and symptoms of exposure
occur. 14. Successfully complete the annual lab
inspection by SRM. 15. Attend annual
training. 16. Follow the URI Laboratory Waste
Guide and manage hazardous waste correctly. 17.
Plan ahead to prevent accidents and
emergencies. 18. Practice Pollution Prevention
and Waste Minimization
12Material Safety Data Sheet
- Document created by chemical manufacturer,
exporter, or distributor. - Describes material, its risks, and certain
protective steps user MUST take - Must be kept on file for gt30 years
- Must be available to all actual/potentially
exposed employees - Supervisors responsible for obtaining and
interpreting MSDS for new products - Should be up-to-date
- Employer has responsibility to ensure
availability - Must be available while personnel are working,
without restraint to access
13Hazards Evaluation and Risk AssessmentMaterial
Safety Data SheetsMSDS
- Contains information on the chemical identity
manufacturer physical, chemical, and health
hazards target organ health effects
precautionary measures for safe handling handling
and storage PPE emergency procedures and first
aid measures - All warning labels placed on chemicals in the
laboratory should be based on the MSDS
14Where to Find MSDS
- Sources of MSDS
- Internet-manufacturers web sites
- GOOGLE acetone and MSDS
- http//www.hazard.com
- http//uri.chemwatchna.com
- User name URI, PW 1951
15How Does OSHA Define A Hazardous Chemical?Terms
found on the MSDS
- Physical Hazards
- combustible liquid
- a compressed gas
- an explosive
- an organic peroxide
- an oxidizer
- pyrophoric
- flammable
- or reactive
16Important values from MSDS
- PEL permissible exposure limit 8 hr TWA
- STEL - short-term exposure limit - 15min. TWA
- TWA - time weighted average - exposure to
chemical - IDLH - immediately dangerous to life/health
- CEILING limit - Concentration must not be
exceeded for any time period during day - Exposures must be kept below the PEL or (air)
monitoring and medical surveillance are required
and other OSHA regulations apply. 29CFR1910.1450
For exposure information seeNIOSH Pocket Guide
to Chemical Hazards NIOSHNational Institute for
Occupational Safety and Health 1-800-356-4674
www.cdc.gov/niosh/homepage.html
17Duration and Frequency of Exposure
- Long-term - chronic
- repeated or long-duration exposure
- damage evident after a long latency period
- all carcinogens
- reproductive toxins
- heavy metals and their compounds
- Single - acute
- damage results from a single, short-duration
exposure - hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen
dioxide - Intermittent - repeated
18Dose-Response
- Dose - amount of chemical
- Response - effect of the chemical
- LD50 - Lethal Dose 50 mg/kg
- LC50 - Lethal (air) Concentration 50
- ppm or mg/m3
- Range of concentrations that result in a graded
effect between the extremes of no effect and
death
19What Is A Toxic Chemical?
Toxicity Rating Animal LD50 (mg/kg) Lethal Dose Ingestion 150 lb. human Example
Extremely toxic Less than 5 lt 7 drops Dimethyl Mercury
Highly toxic 5-50 7 drops to 1 teaspoon Mercury 29, Sodium azide 27
Moderately toxic 50-500 1 teaspoon to 1 ounce Ammonium hydroxide 350, phenol 317
Slightly toxic 500-5000 1 ounce to 1 pint Methylene chloride 1600, Chloroform 908
Practically non-toxic gt 5000 gt 1 pint Ethyl acetate 5620, Ethanol 7060
20Guidelines for Evaluating Toxic Chemical Hazards
When to Use the Hood
- Check the Permissible Exposure Limits and
Threshold Limit Values - Use the hood if the PEL or TLV lt 50 ppm or
100mg/m3 (air concentration) -
- If there is no PEL check the LC50 (air) values
- Use the hood if the LC50 is lt 200 ppm or 2000
mg/m3 ( air concentration) -
- If there is no PEL check the LD50 (oral rat)
values - Use the hood if the following conditions are
met - Solids or nonvolatile liquids lt50 ppm
- Toxic gases or volatile liquids lt 500 ppm
-
- Olfactory thresholds may not be trustworthy or
known. - Sources Developing a Chemical Hygiene Plan, J.A.
Young, W. K. Kingsley. G. H. Wahl, - American Chemical Society, 1996. (p.15)
21Carcinogens
- Carcinogen a substance that causes cancer
- Known carcinogens benzene, cadmium, coal tar,
ethylene oxide, tobacco smoking, radon. - Probable carcinogens acetaldehyde,
acrylonitrile, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform. - If present at 0.1 in a product carcinogenic
ingredient must be listed on MSDS - http//ehp.niehs.nih.gov/roc.toc10.html
- Report on Carcinogens, 11th edition.
22Reproductive Toxins
- Mutagens - substances that may cause a change in
the genetic material of a cell - Teratogens - substances that may cause physical
or metabolic defects in the fetus- esp. in first
trimester - Sterility/infertility - male or female
- Lactation - chemical may be transferred from
mother to baby through breast milk - CDC website has articles on male and female
reproductive hazards httpwww.cdc.gov
23MSDS Signs and Symptoms of Chemical Exposure
Behavior Change Breathing Difficulty Change in
Complexion/Skin Color Coughing Drooling Fatigue/we
akness Irritation of eyes/nose Headache Nausea
Tightness of chest Breathing difficulty Coordinati
on difficulty Dizziness Diarrhea Irritability Ligh
t-headedness Sneezing Sweating
24Routes of Exposure
- NO EATING, DRINKING, SMOKING, OR APPLYING
COSMETICS IN LABS - NO FOOD OR DRINK IN LAB REFRIGERATORS OR
MICROWAVES - NO CHEMICALS IN FOOD OR BEVERAGE CONTAINERS
- NO MOUTH PIPETTING OF BIOHAZARDS, HAZARDOUS
CHEMICALS, OR RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS
- Inhalation
- Contact with skin or eyes
- Ingestion
- Injection (punctures from sharps and needle
sticks)
25Minimizing Exposure
- Avoiding eye injury
- Avoiding ingestion of Hazardous Chemicals
- Avoiding Inhalation of Hazardous Chemicals
- Wash hands frequently
- Avoiding Injection of Hazardous Chemicals
- Minimizing Skin Contact
- Use fume hoods
- Use PPE Safety glasses, lab coat, gloves, aprons
but remember to remove PPE before leaving lab
dont take contamination home!
26Avoiding Chemical Exposure
- Administrative Controls
- Written standard operating procedures (SOPs)
- Training
- Documentation
- Knowledge
- reading and understanding MSDSs and labels
- before use of new chemical - know the hazards
- PPE - gloves, eye protection safety glasses,
safety goggles, face shield, proper foot wear,
coat/apron per MSDS recommendation - Respirators
- require pre-approval, fit testing, written plan,
medical evaluation and annual re-training -
require SRM prior approval
27Avoiding Chemical Exposurecontinued
- Follow OSHA guidelines for regulated carcinogenic
chemicals - see handout - Dont work alone when using hazardous materials
and procedures - Plan ahead for potential emergencies
- know location of eye wash and safety
showers, fire blankets, fire extinguishers,
spill kits, evacuation routes, and MSDSs - Engineering Controls
- Hoods and Ventilation systems
- Biological safety cabinets
- Glove boxes
28Choose and Use the Appropriate Personal
Protective Equipment (PPE)
- Always select PPE that is right for the task
- Eye Protection Face Shield, goggles, safety
glasses with side shields. Goggles required when
corrosives in use. Preferred when contact lenses
in use. - Lab Coat, rubber apron
- Gloves (remove sharp rings from fingers)
- Select correct material, check permeation time,
correct thickness for chemicals in
use/application - Have a dress code in labs No exposed mid-riff
skin, sandals or open-toed shoes, short shorts.
Tie back long hair. Minimize use of rayon
fabrics-very flammable
29Personal Protective EquipmentGlove Selection
Guide
- GLOVE MATERIAL SELECTION GUIDE
- CHEMICAL FAMILY BUTYLRUBBER NEOPRENE PVC
(VINYL) NITRILE NATURAL LATEX - Acetates G NR NR NR NR
- Acids, inorganic G E E E E
- Acids, organic E E E E E
- Acetonitrile, Acrylonitrile G E G S E
- Alcohols E E NR E E
- Aldehydes E G NR S NR
- Amines S NR NR F NR
- Bases, inorganic E E E E E
- Ethers G F NR E NR
- Halogens (liquids) G NR F E NR
- Inks G E E S F
- Ketones E G NR NR G
- Nitro compounds Nitrobenzene, Nitromethane
- G NR NR NR NR
- Oleic Acid E E F E NR
- Phenols E E NR NR G
- Quinones NR E G E E
30Personal Protective Equipment Eyewearmust meet
ANSI z87.1
31Hazard Identification Labels
NFPA
- Commercially packaged chemical containers
received since 1986 meet current labeling
requirements - Name, address and telephone number of
manufacturer - Emergency number
- Must be in English
- Base on data on MSDS
- Write full name, no abbreviations
- Chemical identification
- Identity of hazard components
- Appropriate hazard warnings
- Immediate use containers need the name of the
chemical contents - NO unknowns or unlabelled containers allowed
- NFPA Values range from 0 (no hazard) to 4
(lethal/very dangerous) - Blue (health), Red (fire), Yellow (reactive),
White (special)
32Housekeeping
- Never obstruct access to exits and emergency
equipment - Clean work areas regularly
- If children are permitted in labs, i.e.
educational activity, make sure there is direct
supervision - Do not store chemical containers on the floor
- Secure compressed gas cylinders to walls or
benches - Do not use floors, stairways or hallways as
storage areas - Keep minimum amount of chemicals on lab bench.
Keep other chemicals in storage cabinet.
33Transport of Chemicals
- Use break- resistant secondary containers
- Cylinders strapped to a cylinder cart and valve
protected - No passengers on elevators while transporting
chemicals
34Storage of Chemicals
- Use storage trays or secondary containment to
minimize spills from leaking bottles or breaks - Store chemicals by hazard class (not in
alphabetical order) to eliminate incompatible
storage
- Keep minimum quantities on hand
- Label properly
- Special hazards on label
- Use explosion-proof refrigerators for flammables
35Storage Areas of Chemicals
- Must be labeled properly
- Labels must be accurate visible
- Exterior door surfaces must state hazards
-designated areas for OSHA regulated
chemicals, reproductive toxins and carcinogens - Emergency Contact on Door
- add phone of responsible person in the event of
accidental release, exposure, etc.
36When is a Designated Area Sign Needed?
- Use designated area sign when these types of
chemicals are present - Chemicals of High Toxicity (Acute or Chronic)
- Carcinogens
- Reproductive Toxins
- Warning
- Designated Area for Handling the following
substances with High Acute or Chronic Toxicity,
Carcinogenic,Reproductive Toxins - Benzene carcinogen
- List substances identify hazard
- Authorized Personnel Only
37Working Alone and Unattended Experiments
- Avoid working alone - develop list of high hazard
operations that cannot be done when alone- need
prior approval from supervisor - Make arrangements for individuals working alone
to check on each other - Design experiments to prevent the release of
hazardous substances in the event of utilities
shutting down (power failure)
- Laboratory lights should be left on at all times
- Arrangements should be made for someone to check
on the operation - Information should be posted indicating how to
contact the responsible individual
38Writing Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs)
- Required for OSHA regulated chemicals
- Required for OSHA Select Carcinogens
- Required for all Reproductive Toxins
- Required for all Hazardous Chemicals
- Required for toxic gases especially with NFPA
value of 3 or 4 - What to put on an SOP
- Chemical Name, Hazards, PPE, Administrative
Controls, Engineering Controls,Special Handling
and Storage Requirements, Lab Specific
Procedures-Detail how lab is going to Minimize
Exposure, Spill and Accident Procedures,
Decontamination Procedures, Waste Disposal
Procedures, Location of MSDS, Document that all
lab workers (employees and students) have read
and understand MSDSs and SOPs
39When to Re-Write/Review Standard Operating
Procedures
- New hazardous chemical introduced to lab
- New hazardous process/equipment lasers, high
voltage, radioactivity, etc. - New employee or student
- Change in procedure
- Accident or near miss occurs
40Acquisition of Chemicals
- Considerations when ordering chemicals
- available from another laboratory
- minimum quantity needed
- optimize size container for storage
- proper management of chemical
- time sensitive materials
- Considerations when receiving chemicals
- delivery to departmental offices (personnel
trained?) - expectations if there is a spill, stock spill
kits - compressed gas deliveries (have cart handy)
- think twice before receiving gifts. The cost
for disposal may outweigh the initial savings
41Inventory and Tracking of Chemicals
- Maintain an up-to-date chemical inventory. If
inventory has been bar-coded coordinate with SRM
for new additions and deletions - Date chemicals when received and again when
opened - Disposal of chemical if not needed within a
reasonable time - Containers should be inspected frequently.
Replace those in deteriorating condition.
- Decommission labs before lab personnel leave
- Develop plan for moving chemicals when labs are
renovated - Dispose /recycle chemicals before the expiration
date - Cull from inventory chemicals that require
special handling or are time sensitive - Examples Peroxide formers acetaldehyde,
dioxane, ethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran O-O
42Record Keeping
- Chemical Inventory Lists - 30 years
- All MSDSs - 30 years
- Training - 5 years
- Exposures - 30 years - keep records of exposure
monitoring and medical monitoring - Work-related injuries and illnesses - one year
- Training Certificates, inventories, inspection
reports, SOPs, etc. should be retained in
laboratory
Federal Requirement
43Training
29CFR1910.1450, the OSHA Lab Standard requires
that employees are to be apprised by training and
Information of any hazardous chemical in the work
area At the time of employees initial
assignment to area Prior to assignments
involving new exposures situations All
individuals working in labs with chemicals MUST
take SRMs Prudent Practices in the Laboratory
Hazardous Waste Management Training (yearly
refresher class) ALL other employees with the
potential for chemical exposure must take Hazard
Communication Training (yearly refresher class)
44Hazmat Security
- Keep labs storing chemicals, biohazards and
radioactive materials locked when unattended. - Allow only authorized personnel in labs. Escort
visitors. - Keep accurate inventories of hazardous materials
and laboratory supplies. - Report suspicious behavior to campus police.
- Call 874-2121 all emergencies
45Shipping Hazardous Materials
- All packages being offered for transport by
commercial carrier, air, rail or truck, must
follow USDOT regulations. - All packages must be packaged, marked, labeled,
and documented properly. - See http//www.uri.edu/safety for details.
46Safety Showers and Eyewashes
- Run plumbed eyewashes weekly to remove bacteria
and dust. Use clean wipe if not plumbed. - Inspect/test all units annually for mechanical
performance. Need to use containment shower
curtain and bucket. Need plumber for old systems
to make sure shut-off valve works. - 3. Locate emergency equipment within 10 second
walk from hazard level- no stairs or ramps. - Water must be tepid. Check temperature when
testing. - Align flow of eyewashes using chart
- 6. The drain dilemma if no drain then use of
shower can make trip hazard if drain -then need
acid neutralization tank. These have maintenance
issues and not widely used any more. - Reference ANSI Z358.1
- Emergency Eye Wash and Shower Equipment
47Design of New Buildings
- Avoid safety issues of the past
- Proper loading dock for receipt and pick-up of
chemicals - Proper ventilation in stockrooms - 20 air
changes/hr. - Proper ventilation in labs 10 air changes/hr
- Adequate eyewashes and showers
- Store more flammable solvents in stockrooms, not
individual labs. - Take field trips-UCONN, PFIZER
- Develop concept for all the new buildings as a
complex - 8. Achieve economies of scale by centralizing,
not duplicating facilities stockrooms,
instrument rooms, wash-down hood, etc.
48Role of the Safety Committees
- 1. Establish Departmental Safety Committees
- 2. Track injuries, accidents, fires, explosions
in teaching and research labs. Try to prevent
recurrence of accidents and injuries. - 3. Review teaching lab experiments for hazards.
Substitute less dangerous chemicals and
procedures where feasible. - 4. Report dangerous conditions to Facilities
Services for repairs and maintenance. - 5. Establish lock-out /tagout procedures when
hoods and other equipment are taken out of
services. Use Signs, notification. - 6. Identity and fix those things within the
department that you can fix. Get rid of old
equipment that sparks or has damaged cords.
49Biosafety
- Bacteria
- Viruses
- Fungi
- Parasites
- All work with infectious agents must be
pre-authorized by the URI Biosafety Committee - http//www.absa.org
- http//www.cdc.gov
- Use PPE, Hazard Communication, biological safety
cabinets, containment, frequent hand washing,
disinfection
- Infectious Agents (plant or animal) are
categorized in risk groups based on their
relative risks - BSL-1 biological agents pose low risk to
personnel and the environment unlikely to cause
disease in healthy workers, plants or animals - BSL-2 biological agents that pose moderate risk
to personnel and the environment rarely cause
infection that would lead to serious disease - BSL-3 infectious agents may cause serious or
lethal disease by exposure by inhalation - BSL-4 high risk of life threatening disease
50Common OSHA Violations
- Failure to communicate hazards of chemicals
- 2. Unlabelled containers
- 3. Lack of PPE or incorrect PPE
-
- 4. Lack of training of new employees or when
- hazard changes
- 5. Food and beverage containers in areas where
- chemical exposure is possible.
51URI Environmental Principles
-
- 1. Comply with all applicable regulations
- 2. Educate and train all personnel on programs
and - procedures
- 3. Minimize University impact on the environment
and surrounding community (SPCC and SWMP) - 4. Continually reduce URI impact to the
environment by implementation of pollution
prevention and waste minimization - 5. Develop environmental management systems
(EMS)
52Green Chemistry EPA 12 Principles
- Prevent waste
- Design safer chemicals and products
- Design less hazardous chemical syntheses
- Use renewable feedstocks
- Use catalysts, not stoichiometric reagents
- Avoid chemical derivatives
- 7. Maximize atom economy
- 8. Use safer solvents and reaction Conditions
- 9. Increase energy efficiency
- 10. Design chemicals and products to degrade
after use - 11. Analyse in real time to prevent pollution
- 12. Minimize the potential for accidents
Prudent Practice Since chemicals are cradle to
grave. Buy, use, store, and dispose the minimum
amount.
53EPAs Hierarchy of Pollution Prevention
- Source Elimination and Reduction
- Source elimination of waste stream
- Chemical recovery ( solvent distillation)
- Chemical substitution of less hazardous material
- Micro-scale experiments
- Alternative teaching methods - virtual
experiments - Use digital photography rather than wet chemistry
- Recycling and Reuse
- Redistribution of chemicals to new owner
- Treatment render less hazardous prior to
disposal - Disposal
54EPA Hazardous Waste Identification
- Reactive
- reacts w/ air or water
- Toxic
- highly toxic -
- LD50 lt50mg/kg
- carcinogen, fatal
- RI toxic LD50
- lt 5000mg/kg
- Listed
- i.e. pesticides
- pyridine, toluene
Wastes are considered hazardous if they
exhibitone or moreof the following
characteristics
- Corrosive
- RCRA pHlt2 or gt12.5
- Sewer prohibited pH lt5.5 gt9.5
- Ignitable
- Flash Point lt93C
55Disposal of Chemicals
- Containers should be
- compatible with waste
- clean, sturdy, leak proof
- closed, tight-fitting
- appropriate size
- under control of person producing waste
- label with Hazardous Waste Label
- Hazardous Waste Label
- Identify hazardous waste
- Write full chemical names, no abbreviations
- list all components and percentages
- identify hazard properties
- name, location and phone number of generator
- remove extraneous labels/bar codes
56Disposal of Chemicals continued
- Hazardous Waste Accumulation Areas
- Located in the lab
- Clearly marked
- Segregate incompatibles
- Secondary Containment
- Spill kit (spill pads, sand)
- Emergency information posted
- Maximum storage 55 gallons or 1 quart of (P,
acutely hazardous waste
- Pick-up for Disposal
- SRM is responsible for retrieval and transport
- When bottle is full, arrange for immediate
disposal - Fax form 789-5126
- and call 874-2618
- Container is labeled
- Remove bar code labels
- Knowledgeable user available for pick-up
57Disposal of Chemicals
Crawford
255
Gregory
HCL /H2O
hydrochloric acid
50
water
50
4 L total
Wrong Way
Right Way
58Hazardous Waste Satellite Accumulation Area-Label
all bottles at first use!!!
59Biological Waste Management
- Biomedical
- Biohazardous
- Infectious
- Pathological
- Sharps needles, syringes, scalpels,
broken/unbroken microscope slides, Pasteur pipets
- use sharps box - Animals
60Source Reduction and other ways to Minimize
Hazardous Waste
- Minimize chemical orders
- just-in-time ordering, do not overstock, buy
smallest feasible sizes - Strategies to avoid multi-hazard waste
- substitution of materials
- Minimize hazardous waste
- micro-scale work
- step-by-step planning for minimization
- substitution of less toxic chemicals
61Common EPA Hazardous Waste Violations in Labs
1. Waste not at or near point of generation 2.
Unknowns unlabelled waste containers 3.
Abandoned waste - have check out procedure for
all chemicals when students or staff leave the
lab. 4. Containers open 15 minute rule 5.
Incompatible wastes not segregated. 6. Satellite
waste accumulation area not designated. 7. Too
much waste in satellite area gt 55 gallons or 1
quart of acutely hazardous,P, waste Fines
32,500/ violation/day
62Fire Code Chemical Storage
- 1. There is a maximum quantity of hazardous
chemicals that is allowed in a building. - There is a maximum quantity of chemicals that can
be stored in any given fire control zone. The
type of chemicals determine the f ire rating ,
2hour, 4 hour, etc. of doors and other building
materials that is required. - The amount of chemicals that can be stored in a
laboratory is limited. Many fire jurisdictions
restrict this working quantity to a one week
supply of flammable and combustible liquids. - Most of the flammable/combustible chemicals
should be in inside storage rooms,
stockrooms, separated from other occupancies,
with high rates of ventilation. The exhaust
ventilation must be powered by a back-up
generator. - NFPA 34 gases require gas cabinets with sensor
alarms to detect leaks. - NFPA 45 Laboratories gt 10,000 sq. ft prohibited
unless sprinklered. - Instructional and research laboratories have
different allowed quantities of
flammable/combustible chemicals. - Reference NFPA 30 (OSHA 1910.106) Flammable and
Combustible Liquids, - NFPA 45 Standard on Fire Protection for
Laboratories Using Chemicals
63Fire Code Flash/Boiling Points for NFPA
Categories
Flash Point Flash Point Boiling Point Boiling Point Examples
Type F C F C
Class IA lt73 lt22.8 lt100 lt37.8 Ethyl ether, isopentane
Class IB lt73 lt22.8 gt100 gt37.8 Acetone, ethanol, toluene, gasoline
Class IC 73-100 22.8-37.8 MIBK, xylene
Class II 100-140 37.8-60 2 fuel oil, kerosene
Class IIIA 140-200 60-93.3 Cyclohexanol, aniline
Class IIIB gt200 gt93.3 ethylene glycol
Flash Point Minimum temperature at which a
liquid or solid emits vapor sufficient to form an
ignitable mixture with air near the surface of
the solid or liquid.
64Fire Code Maximum Quantities of Chemicals
Allowed in Laboratories
Lab unit hazard class Flammable, Combustible Liquid Class Max/100 sq.ft. Max/lab Without Sprinklers Max/lab With Sprinklers
A (High) 1 I,II,IIIa 10 gallons 20 gallons 300 gallons 400 gallons 600 gallons 800 gallons
B (Moderate) 1 I,II,IIIA 5 gallons 10 gallons 150gallons 200 gallons 300 gallons 400 gallons
C (Low) 1 I,II,IIIA 2 gallons 4gallons 75 gallons 100gallons 150 gallons 200 gallons
D (Minimum) 1 I,II,IIIA 1.1 gallons 1.1gallons 37 gallons 37 gallons 75 gallons 75 gallons
- Flammables storage cabinets are designed to
contain fire for 10 minutes to provide you time
to escape. Keep doors shut, bungs in place unless
mechanically ventilated. Quantity stored in
use waste. Quantity doubles if flammable
storage cabinets in use.
65Distribution of Chemicals in Buildings Max.
Qty. Allowed Per Floor
Floor level Above grade of Max. Allowable Qty. of entire bldg. Control area per floor Fire barrier rating (hours)
6 12.5 2 2
5 12.5 2 2
4 12.5 2 2
3 50 2 1
2 75 3 1
1 100 4 1
-1, below grade 75 3 1
66Fire Safety in Labs
- PROPER CHEMICAL USE AND STORAGE
- Store minimum amount of flammable chemicals in
lab - Design new buildings with proper stockrooms and
use them - Store flammable materials properly in flammables
cabinet - Eliminate sources of static electricity and
sparking equipment
- Use proper rate of ventilation
- Frequently check peroxide formers
- Do not mix incompatible chemicals
- Keep picric acid wet!
- Check on Lithium Battery Recalls- Dell, Apple,
Kycera phones
67Chemical Accidents
- A copy of the MSDS should go to the hospital with
a victim who has been contaminated. - File accident report with Human Resources (staff)
in the case of a serious chemical exposure.
Students file reports at Potter Health Clinic. - General decontamination procedure is to flush
affected area with water for a minimum of 15
minutes.
68Responding to Accidents and Emergencies
- Report
- from a safe place call 874-2121 for emergency
personnel to clean-up spill and provide medical
attention - Secure
- area until emergency personnel arrive
- Evacuate
- assess hazards and dangers- if unknown, assume
the worst and evacuate - Confine
- Close doors and isolate area
69All Emergencies
All Emergencies
- To report spills, fires, medical assistance, etc.
call campus police 874-2121 which is monitored
24/7 - Call Safety and Risk Management at
- 874-2618 for routine calls and technical
information
70QUIZ
- Please take the quiz at home
- Review the cartoon. If you have any of these
problems in your lab please correct them. - TAKE TIME TO PRACTICE SAFE SCIENCE!