Introduction to Management and Leadership Cluster 4: Manage performance and knowledge Show 1 Occupat

1
Introduction to Management and Leadership
Cluster 4 Manage performance and knowledge
Show 1 Occupational Health and Safety

• This show was originally developed in
  collaboration with Management by Degrees (2002)

2
What does safety mean?

• Safety is an extension of a persons basic
  instinct for survival

3
Heinrichs Accident Pyramid
Major Injury
1
Minor Injury
29
300
No Injury Accidents
4
Birds update of Heinrichs Pyramid
Serious/Fatal Injury
1
Other Injuries
10
30
Property Damage
600 No Apparent Injury or Damage
600
5
How accidents happen

• Lack of care
• Did not use common sense/stupidity
• Unsafe acts
• Unsafe conditions
• Acts of God
• Lack of supervision/ poor training
• Faulty equipment

6
Safety in the workplace is everyones
responsibility

• No one persons obligations in the workplace
  outweigh, or supersede another persons
  obligations.

7
Australian health and safety law is governed by

• A framework of Acts
• Regulations
• Supporting Codes of Practice
• Standards

8
Monitoring safety and maintaining a safe
environment requires

• The correct Implementation of
• Risk Identification
• Risk Assessment
• Risk Control

9
Risk and hazards

• Hazards can cause injury, disease, economic loss
  or environmental damage
• Risk - possibility that something will occur
  expressed in terms of probability
• Risk assessment uses data, hypothesis and models
  to estimate probability of harm due to exposure
  to hazards

10
Major types of hazards

• Major workplace hazards may include
• Manual handling
• Chemical or hazardous substances
• Occupational Overuse Syndrome
• Noise
• Physical worksite or environmental problems
• Equipment and machinery

11
Hazard Identification Steps

• Job Safety Checks
• Employee Consultation
• Safety Audits

12
Manual handling hazards

• Annual handling hazards may be caused by actions
  related to
• Push
• Pull
• Lowering
• Lifting
• Carrying

13
Chemical and hazardous substances

• Toxic chemicals - each has specific median lethal
  dose
• Chemicals, radiation or viruses
• Hazardous chemical harm by
• Flammable or explosive
• Irritation of damaging tissue
• Interfering with respiration
• Causing allergic reactions

14
Chemical and hazardous substances

• Impact cause by
• Inhalation
• Ingestion
• Skin or eye contact
• Harm can be on
• Person (Tumors, burns, etc.)
• Future generations (genes embryos)
• Environmental and lifestyle factors

15
Physical hazards

• Commonly involves worksite layout, structure and
  equipment
• Can extend beyond worksite to
• Earthquakes - fracture or shift in earths crust
  deformation
• Volcanoes
• Floods
• Storms

16
S.A.F.E. process to remove workplace hazards

• Spot the hazard.
• Assess the risk.
• Fix the problem.
• Evaluate results. 

17
Addressing external physical hazards

• Reducing external physical hazards requires
  engineering and planning
• Examine historical records and make geological
  measurements and weather forecasts
• Map high-risk areas
• Building codes regulate design and placement of
  buildings
• Predict possible earthquakes and natural events

18
Biological hazards

• Non-transmissible diseases are not caused by
  living organisms cannot spread
• Transmissible diseases are caused by infectious
  agents (pathogens) and spread by vectors agents
  include
• bacteria
• virus
• protozoa
• parasites

19
Biological hazards

• Seven deadliest infectious diseases
• Acute respiratory infections
• HIV/AIDS
• Diarrheal diseases
• Malaria
• Tuberculosis
• Measles
• Hepatitis B

20
Assessing the risk

• Assessing risk involves considering these factors
  
• How likely it is that an accident will occur
• If an accident occurs, how severe would the
  consequences be

21
Risk analysis

• Identify hazards and evaluate associated risks
• Rank risks
• Determine options and make decisions about
  reducing or eliminating risks
• Inform decision makers and public about risks

22
Risk assessment

• Determine types of hazards involved
• Estimate probability that each hazard will occur
• Estimate how many people are likely to be exposed
  to and suffer serious harm from each hazard
• Statistical probabilities and forecasts

23
Comparative risk analysis

• Staff and management perceptions of greatest
  risks may differ
• Communication needs to be clear and use common
  language
• Risk-benefit analysis estimates must cover both
  risks and benefits
• Immediate needs should not outweigh long-term
  planning

24
Risk control involves

• Modifying the design of the workplace by
• Design or Substitution
• Engineering Controls
• Administration
• Training Personnel
• Personal Protective Equipment

25
Hierarchy of risk control
Eliminate (Remove, phase out, redesign))
Substitute/ Change (Change and replace)
Engineer Controls (Renew workplace/ context)
Administrative Controls (Change work, set
maintenance new schedule, new procedures,
signage, etc.)
Protective Controls (Protective equipment, clothes
)
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Workplace safety inspections

• Continuous - Ongoing inspection conducted by
  employees as part of their job.
• Periodic - Inspections scheduled to be made a
  regular intervals
• Intermittent - Inspections made at irregular
  intervals.
• General inspection of places which do not
  receive periodic inspections

27
Points to consider when conducting inspections

• Planning and preparation is critical
• Who will carryout the inspection
• What needs to be inspected
• How often must items be inspected

28
Non-conformance investigation and reporting
29
Writing safety reports

• Possible recommendations
• Correct the cause options
• Report hazardous conditions
• Take intermediate actions