g]kfnsf] ljZj Jofkf/ ; u7gsf] ;b:otf / g]kfnL s[lif If]q

1
gkfnsf ljZj Jofkf/ u7gsf botf / gkfnL
slif Ifq

• 8f si0fkfb kGt
• sfozfnf ufi7L
• ljZj Jofkf/ u7g / gkfnsf slif Ifq
• _at_) jzfv _at_ / _at_(
• Onfd ahf/, Onfd
• cfofhsM kf klAns, Onfd pBfu jfl0fHo 3 /
  fjtL

2
5nkmnsf laifox?

• ! WTO sf fdfGo hfgsf/L
• _at_ gkfnsf WTO df kjz
• WTO sf p2Zo, l4fGt / sfoIfq
• Demftfx?M slif Demftf, SPS Demftf,
  TBT Demftf, GATS Demftf / TRIPS Demftf
• kltkwf, lgoft / xofu
• lgisif

3
ljh/Nof08sf hgef lyt WTO sf lrjfno
4
ljZj Jofkf/ u7g World Trade Organization (WTO)

• _at_)! fndf ljZj Jofkf/ u7g gfdsf Ps
  cGt//fli6o yf u7g ul/Psf 5 .
• odf z'?df Uof6 -_at_))_ General Agreement on
  Tariff and Trade- GATT sf a box? -!_at__ /
  o'/flkog o'lgog bo
• xfn osf bo Vof !) -leotgfdsf kjz kl5_
• o Ifqaf6 e'6fg / ckmuflgtfg afxs a bzx?
  bo essf 5g\ .
• ) bzx? bo aGg kofzdf 5g\ .

5
gkfnsf botf

• gkfnn klxnf k6s _at_) df (GATT) Uof6sf
  botfsf nflu b/vft lbof .
• _at_)! df WTO sf yfkgf es kl5 gkfnn kml/
  botfsf nflu s'/f p7fof .
• _at_) df gkfnn cfkm\gf ablzs Aofkf/ DalGw
  Aojyf (Memorandum of Foreign Trade Regime) ljZj
  Jofkf/ u7gdf a'emfof .
• Memorandom dfly kZg pTt/sf klsof rNof .
• WTO n gkfnsf botf DalGw sfo ug Working
  Party sf u7g u of .
• pSt Working Party sf ltgj6f cgfkrfl/s / ltgj6f
  cfkrfl/s a7s kl5 gkfnn ljZj Jofkf/ u7gsf
  botf lngsf nflu Dk"0f btfahx? tof/ eof .

6
gkfnsf botfsfM btfah kfl/t

• lDdngsf kf6fsn (Protocol of Accession)
• sfobnsf kltabg (Working Party Report)
• at' DalGw 5'6sf cg'"lr (Schedule of
  Concession on Goods)
• jf DalGw 5'6sf cg'"lr (Schedule of
  Commitments on Services)
• oL btfahx?nfO WTO sf a box?n dfgL _at_))
  fnsf sfgs'g Ddngn kfl/t u of .
• _at_)) rqdf gkfnn jLsf/ u/L WTO nfO kq k7fof
• Tosf ) lbg kl5 -_at_)! azfv !! ut_ gkfnn
  ljlwjt\ WTO sf botf kfKt u of .
• oL a btfahx? kfOg OG6/g6 7ufgf
• http//www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/acc_e/acc_e.ht
  m

7
ljZj Jofkf/ u7gsf p2Zo

• cGt/fli6o Aofkf/ DalGw lgodx?nfO kf/bzL
  agfpg
• jt' / jfsf pTkfbs / Jofkf/LnfO xofu ug
• ljZjel/sf cflys cjyf dhj't kfg / Jofkf/,
  nufgL, /fhuf/L / cfosf jl4 ug

8
WTO sf l4fGt

• 1. ebefj gug
• a box? clt fljB kfKt bz x'g (Most
  Favored Nation),
• jbzL / ljbzL jt', jf jf JoStL dfg dfGg
  (National treatment),
• 2. eGf/ afxs cfoftdf cGo lgoGq0f jf kltaGw
  gnufpg (SPS/TBT kfOg_
• 3. kf/bzLtf

9
ljZj Jofkf/ u7gsf kd'v sfox?

• Demftfx? nfu" u/fpg
• ljZj el/sf Jofkf/ DjGwL gLlt lgodx? kf/bzL
  agfpg .
• Aofkf/ DalGw gLltx?sf ldIff ug .
• bo /fi6x? ljr Jofkf/ jftfsf nflu yfg pknJw
  u/fpg / xofu ug .
• Jofkf/ DjGwL s'g ljjfb p7df Tosf dfwfg ug
• kflalws xfotfnfO dGjo ug

10
ljZj Jofkf/ u7gsf sfoIfq Jofks 5

• jt' Aofkf/
• slif jt', vfB jt'sf /kmfO, nQfsk8f,
  cfwflus jt'sf u'0ft/, cfifwL, cflb .
• jf Ifq
• js, ljdf, rf/, nvf, lrlsTf, kz' lrlsTf,
  vfB k/LIf0f, cflb jf Jofkf/ leq kb5g\
• jfl4s DklQsf clwsf/
• slk/fO6, k6G6, 6 8dfs, afnLsf hft, yfgsf
  ljzifsf gfd cflb .

11
WTO sf Demftfx?

• Final Act (2 pages)
• Marrakesh Agreement establishing WTO
• Multilateral Agreements on Trade in Goods
• General Agreements on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)
• Agreement on Agriculture (AoA)
• Agreement on Application of Sanitary and
  Phytosanitary Measures (SPS)
• Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT)
• Agreement on Textiles and Clothing
• Agreement on Trade Related Investment Measures
  (TRIM)
• Agreement on Customs Valuations
• Agreement on Rules of Origin
• Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures
• Marrakesh Protocol on Understandings to GATT
• Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing
  Measures
• Agreement on Anti-dumping
• Agreement on Safeguards
• Agreement on Pre-shipment Inspection
• General Agreements on Trade in Services (GATS)
• Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property
  Rights (TRIPS)

12
slifu -a9L_ DalGwt Demftfx?

• slifu dfq DalGwt
• ! slif Demftf (AoA) -at' Aofkf/_
• _at_ slif jt'x?sf z'4tf sfofGjog Demftf (SPS)
  -at' Aofkf/_
• slifu al9 DalGwt
• Aofkf/sf kflalws /fsfj6 DalGw Demftf
  (TBT) -at' Aofkf/_
• jf Aofkf/ DalGw Demftf (GATS) -jf
  Aofkf/_
• jfl4s DklQsf clwsf/ DalGw Demftf (TRIPS)
  -jfl4s DklQ Aofkf/_
• cGo Demftfx?n klg s'g g s'g ?kn slif
  IfqnfO c/ kfg S5 .

13
! slif Demftf

• !! slif Ifqdf cg'bfg 36fpg
• !_at_ ahf/df kxF'r a9fpg
• ! lgoftdf lbg cg'bfg 36fpg

14
! slif Demftf !! slif Ifqdf cg'bfg 36fpg
lt

• gkfnsf slif cg'bfg sd 5 . 36fpg' kbg .
• slif pTkfbg d"Nosf _at_) Ü -? cj _ Dd
  sifsnfO fem cg'bfg
• fwg ft sd ePsf sifsx?nfO hltklg cg'bfg lbg
  kfOG5
• k"jfwf/ ljsf, cg'Gwfg, kljwL kf/ / u/La
  sifsnfO lbOg cg'bfgdf s'g /fstfs g 5g .
• xfdLu ah6sf sldn ubf dfq cg'bfg lbg gssf
  xf .
• hDdf slif / lrfOsf ah6 g ? cj eGbf sd 5
  .
• wlg box?n slifdf lbOPsf cg'bfg 36fpg' k5 .

15
!_at_ ahf/df kxF'r a9fpg

• cfoftdf eGf/ afxs cGo s'g kltjGw nufpg kfObg
  -SPS/TBT_
• tflsPsf eGbf j9L eGf/ nufpg kfObg .
• gkfnn slif jt'df nufO cfPsf eGf/ /b/ sl/j
  !! Ü 5 .
• ca xfdLn slif at'df /b/ _at_Ü Dd eGf/
  nufpg kfOg 5 .
• eGf/ b/ a9fP/ cfGtl/s slif pTkfbgnfO /If0f
  lbg lsg 5 .
• t/, låklIfo Demftfn ubf ef/taf6 cfoft x'g
  sRrf slif at'df eGf/ gnfUg Aoayf sfod 5 .
• slif 'wf/ z'Ns x6fpg' kg ePsf 5 - _at_ blv !)
  aif leqdf_

16
ahf/df kxF'r eGf/ b/ / kltkwf

• jbzsf ahf/df klg cfofltt at'u kltkwf
  ug' kg x'G5
• cfGtl/s pTkfbgn cfoft u kltkwf ug'kg
  x'Fbf xfdf sltko pTkfbgx? sd kltklw x'g S5g\
  .
• Ton ljbzL ahf/df klg kltkwf ug' /fdf
  x'G5
• cGt/fli6o Aofkf/ sl7g 5 cDej 5g
• WTO sf Demftfn eGf/ afxs cGo kltaGw nufpg
  gkfOg
• eGf/ klg tflsPsfdf ga9\g ul/ nufpg kb5 .
  TfflsPsf ceiling tnsf website df kfOG5g\ .
• http//www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/schedules_e/go
  ods_schedules_e.htm
• http//www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/acc_e/acc_e.ht
  m

17
! lgoftdf lbg cg'bfg 36fpg lt

• wlg bzx?n lgoftdf cg'bfg lbgfn slif at'sf
  cGt/fli6o d"No 36/ xfdf sifsx?sf klklw
  Ifdtf sd ePsf 5 .
• ca tL bzx?n lgoft cg'bfg 36fpg' kb5 .
• t/, xfdLn lgoftdf cg'bfg lbg u/sf 5g .

18
_at_ vfB slif jt'x?sf z'4tf DjGwL Demftf
Agreement on Application of Sanitary and
Phytosanitary Measures (SPS)

• slifhGo jt'sf cfoft ubf xfdf lj?jf, hgfj/ /
  dflgsf JffYo / hLjgdf gsf/fTds c/ k5 eGGf
  kdfl0ft ePdf Totf jt' kltjGw nufpg lsG5 .
• o/L kltjGw nufpgsf nflu sfg"g, jt'sf hfFrsf
  nflu bIf hgzlQm / /fdf kofuzfnfsf cfjZostf
  kb5 .
• slif jt'sf lgsfL ubf klg otf gsf/fTds c/
  gkg x'g' kb5
• ljiffbLsf cjzif, kz' cfifwLsf cjzif,
  PG6Ljfofl6S, z'Id lhjf0f', ljls/0f, /fu ls/f
  cflbaf6 bzsf lj?jf, kz'klIf Pj dfgjsf arfj6
  ug .

19
SPS sf dfkb08x?sf hfgsf/L

• s stf pTkfbg ug, s/L pTkfbg ug, s s
  k/LIf0f ug / s stf s'/fsf kdfl0ft ug eGg
  af/df yfxf kfpg cfjZos 5 .
• cfkm'n pTkfbg / lgoft ug rfxsf at'n
  jgktL, kz'klIf jf dflgsf jydf gsf/fTds kefj
  kfg gkfg DaGwdf SPS Enquiry Point nfO fWg
  lsG5 .
• a box?sf SPS Enquiry Point sf 7ufgf, Dks
  gDa/, Odn cflb tnsf website af6 kfKt ug
  lsG5 .
• http//www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/sps_e/sps_e.ht
  menquiry

20
SPS Enquiry Point

• Bangladesh
• Joint Secretary (ITO)
• Ministry of Commerce
• Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh
• Bangladesh Secretariat, Dhaka
• Telephone [phone] (Office)
• (8802) 8110922 (Res)
• Telefax (8802) 8615741
• E-mail mincom_at_bdonline.com

21
SPS Enquiry Point

• China
• Research Centre for International Inspection and
  Quarantine
• Standards and Technical Regulations
• General Administration
• Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine,
  P.R. China (AQSIQ)
• 7 Madian Donglu, Haidian District, Beijing
• Telephone [phone]
• Telefax (8610) 8226 2449/8226 0620
• E-mail sps_at_aqsiq.gov.cn

22

• SPS Enquiry Point India
• Food safety related issues
• Assistant Director-General (PFA)
• (Dr. D. Chattopadhya)
• Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
• Department of Health
• Nirman Bhavan, New Delhi 110011
• Telephone [phone]
• Telefax (91 11) 2306 1968
• E-mail adgpfa_at_nb.nic.in
• Animal health and related issues
• Director (Trade)
• (Shri S. K. Srivastava)
• Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairy Fisheries
• Ministry of Agriculture
• Krishi Bhavan
• New Delhi 110001
• Telephone [phone]

Plant health or phytosanitary issues Deputy
Secretary (Shri Amand Shah) Plant Protection,
Dep. of Agriculture Cooperation Ministry of
Agriculture Krishi Bhavan New Delhi
110001 Telephone/Fax [phone] E-mail
amand_at_krishi.nic.in amandshah_at_hotmail.com
23
SPS Enquiry Point

• Nepal
• Department of Food Technology and Quality Control
• Babarmahal
• Kathmandu
• Telephone [phone] 6947
• Telefax (977 1) 426 2337
• E-mail dftqc_at_mail.com.np

24
Aofkf/df kflalws ca/fwx? Agreement on
Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT)

• dflg, kz' / lj?jfsf jYodf c/ gk/ klg cGo
  u'0ft/sf sf/0fn cfoftnfO /fSg lsG5 / lgoft
  klg /flsg S5 .
• at'sf u'0ft/, gfk, tfn, /ª
• KoflsË, nan nufpg
• pTkfbg ldlt, pkefu ul/Sg'kg ldlt
• pTkfbg u/sf tl/sf
• pTkfbgn jftfj/0fdf kf/sf kefj, cflb .

25
cfkm'n pTkfbg / lgoft ug rfxsf at'sf Tof
bzsf u'0ft/ Koflsª nalnª DaGwdf TBT
Enquiry Point nfO fWg lsG5

• TBT Enquiry Point sf 7ufgf, Dks gDa/, Odn
  cflb tnsf website af6 kfKt ug lsG5 .
• http//www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/tbt_e/tbt_e.ht
  menquiry_points

26
TBT Enquiry Point

• Bangladesh   
• Bangladesh Standard and Testing Institution
  (BSTI)Maan Bhaban116- A, Tejgaon Industrial
  AreaDhaka 1208 Bangladesh
• Tel [phone]
• Fax [phone]
• E-mail bsti_at_bangla.net
• Website http//www.bstibd.org
• Contact person Mr. M Liaquat Ali

27
TBT Enquiry Point

• China
• Research Center for International Inspection and
  Quarantine Standards and Technical Regulations
• General Administration of Quality Supervision,
  Inspection and Quarantine of the People's
  Republic of ChinaNo. 7 Madian Donglu, Haidian
  DistrictBeijing 100088 China
• Tel [phone]
• Fax [phone]
• E-mail tbt_at_aqsiq.gov.cn

28
TBT Enquiry Point

• India 
• International Relations Technical Information
  Services DepartmentBureau of Indian Standards,
  Manak Bhavan,9 Bahadur Shah Marg,New
  Delhi-11002 India
• Telephones (91 11) 232 30 342 / 232 31 082
• Fax [phone]
• Telex (031)-65870- Answer Back 'BIS/IN'
• Website http//www.bis.org.in
• E-mail id info_at_bis.org.in
• Contact Person Ms. Parminder Bajaj, Scientist
  'F' Head

29
TBT Enquiry Point

• Nepal 
• Nepal Bureau of Standards and Metrology
  (NBSM)P.O. Box No. 985, BalajuKathmandu
• Tel [phone]
• Fax [phone]
• E-mail nbsm_at_nbsm.gov.np

30
Aofkf/ /nLs/0fsf kofx? (SPS/TBT)

• SPS/TBT sf sf/0fn Aofkf/df cgfjZos ca/fw x'g'
  x'Fbg
• Ps bzsf k/LIf0f kdf0fkq csf bzn dfGotf
  (Mutual Recognition) lbg .
• b'O jf a9L bzx? Pscfksf u'0ft/ dfkb08 /
  k/LIf0f kdf0fkqx? dsIf (Equivalence) dfGg .
• box?n cfkm\gf bzsf u'0ft/ dfkb08 /
  k/LIf0fx? sf8S sld6L, cGt/fli6o kz'/fu yf
  (OIE) / cGt/fli6o lj?jf /If0f yf (IPPC) sf
  u'0ft/ dfkb08 / k/LIf0f u d?k (Harmonization)
  ug .

31
jf Aofkf/ DalGw Demftf (GATS)

• slx jfIfqx? ablzs nufgLsf nflu v'nf
• js, ljdf, rf/, nvf, lrlsTf, kz' lrlsTf,
  vfB k/LIf0f, cflb jfIfqx?
• slifu vf DalGwt jfx?
• kz' lrlsTf jf /
• kflalws k/LIf0f / lainif0f jf
• -df6f k/LIf0f, vfB k/LIf0f_
• oL jfdf ablzs nufgL a9\g Sg Defjgf 5 .

32
jfl4s DklQsf clwsf/ DalGw Demftf (TRIPS)

• WTO sf afl4s Dkltsf clwsf/ (TRIPS) Demftfn
  la?jfsf gofF hft btf ug' kg Aojyf u/sf 5
  .
• otf btf k6G6 x'g S5 jf cGo s'g kefjsf/L
  tl/sf (sui generis)
• la?jfsf gofF hftsf khgs tyf sifssf clwsf/
  /If0f DaGwdf Jojyf ug sfg"g aGg ksofdf 5
  .
• t/ cNkljslt bzx?n g _at_)! sf h'nfO Dd ug'
  gkg 5'6 lbOPsf 5 .
• vfB Pj slif hGo jfgklts cg'jflzs gtft DjlGw
  cGt/fli6o lGw _at_))! sf botf

33
vfB Pj slif hGo jfgklts cg'jflzs gtft DjlGw
cGt/fli6o lGw 2001

• vfB Pj slifhGo jfgklts cg'jflzs gtft u
  DjlGwt k/Dk/fut 1fg DalGw sifsf clwsf/ '/Iff
  ug .
• tflsPsf vfB afnL / _at_( 3fFafnLsf cg'jflzs
  gtft Ps cfkdf pknAw u/fpg'kg Aojyf 5 .
• gkfnn jLst u/sf .

34
hljs '/Iff

• sfds, cg'jz kl/jltt hLj (Genetically
  Modified Organism, GMO), jf hLljt ?kdf ?kfGtl/t
  hLj (Living Modified Organism, LMO) sf Jojflos
  jf cg'GwfgfTds kofuaf6 slif hljs ljljwtf,
  dfgj, kz'kIfL, lj?jfsf jfYo tyf '/Iff /
  jftfj/0fLo hflvdaf6 hflug pkfo ug .
• oLgsf cWoog-cg'Gwfg ug, k7f/L tyf cGjif0fsf
  cg'dlt lng'kg .
• otf hflvd ePsf pTkfbgnfO cfjZostf cg'f/
  lgoGq0f jf lgifw ul/g .

35
pTkfbgnfO kltkwL agfpg

• u'0ft/ 'wf/ ug -pTkfbg ksof / pTkfbg_
• kdfl0fs/0f u/fpg
• pTkfbg nfut 36fpg
• kljlw 'wf/,
• at' klxrfg,
• jbzL sRrf kbfy
• pTkfbgsf dfqf a9fpg -pTkfbg, sng, s/f/ vtL_
• pTkfbs klxrfg x'g u/L l/s8 /fVg
• pTkfbs, Aofkf/Lsf klxrfg / OHht a9fpg

36
s'g klg at'sf lgoft ubf s'g dof kg S5 .
dof dfwfgsf pkfox? vfHg' kb5 .

• lgoft ubf s'g sGfOgdG6 /flsg uPdf Totf
  /fSg lgsfou lnlvt hafkm dfUg' kb5
• Tof hafkmdf pNnv ul/Psf sfg"g, dfkb08 cflbsf
  vfhL u/L cBfog ug u/fpg
• pSt sGfOgdG6 /flsg gkg sf/0fx?sf vfhL
  ug
• oL a Aoxf/f vfnL DalGwt lgsfonfO hfgsf/L
  u/fpg
• of laifo gkfn /sf/n hfoh 7x/fPdf DalGwt
  bzu s'/f p7fpg 5 .
• DalGwt bzn xfdf hfoh dsfnfO g'gdf
  gkfnn WTO df d'2f xfNg Sg 5 .

37
wlg bzn clt sd ljslt bznfO 'ljwfx? lbg'
kg

• cNk ljslt bzx?nfO kzfwg kljlw, cg'Gwfg /
  eflts k"jfwf/sf nflu Nnfx, cg'bfg cflb lbP/
  xofu ug .
• cNk ljslt bzx?af6 at' cfoft ug bzx?n
  kfljlws xofu lbg .
• s'g kfjwfgnfO sfofGjog ug sl7gfO ePsf s'/f
  cNkljslt bzn cg'/fw u/df sxL dosf nflu
  ljzif 5'6 lbg .
• eGf/ z"Go -( kltzt at'df_

38
lgisif

• bo /fi6x?sf jhf/ v'Nnf
• ljslt d'n'sx?n lbg lagf eGf/ lagf sf6fsf
  ahf/ kjz
• t/ lgoft ubf jf6 lj?jf, hgfj/ / dflgsf
  jfYo Pj hLjgdf gsf/fTds c/ gkg eGGf kSsf
  x'g' k5 .
• lgoft ubf jftfj/0fdf gsf/fTds c/ gkg
• cfoft ug bzn tfssf plrt dfkb08x? k"/f
  u/sf x'g' kb5 .
• lgisifdf eGg' kbf WTO df gkfnsf kjzjf6 TotL
  7"nf s'g dof cfpg blvbg . ojf6 kmfObf lng
  lsg y'k Defjgfx? 5g\ . t/ kmfObf lngsf nflu
  xfdLn w/ tof/Lx? ug' kg 5 .

39
wGojfb