Unit 11 Country case studies: Canada, NL 3 student presentations

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Unit 11 Country case studies Canada, NL 3
student presentations

• 4th May 2005, Laura Laubeova
• laubeova_at_fsv.cuni.cz
• www.tolerance.cz

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Canada

• 300 years of immigration
•  
• 1996 CENSUS OF CANADA TABULATIONS
•  ethnic origin, official language, home language
• 12, 5 mil., 44 other than Br, Fr, Canad.
• 5, 3 mil (19) only Can.
• 4, 9 mil (17) only Br
• 2,7 mil (10) only Fr

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Diversity in regions

• W. Provinces
• over 60 other then Br, Fr, Can
• Saskatchewan-
• 61 other, 7 Aborig.
• Territories-
• 37 Aborig.

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Ethnic min. larger than 900 tho.

• Germans (2mil.),
• Ital., Ukraine (1 mil.),
• Chinese, Dutch (0,9 mil.)

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Larger than 350 tho.

• Scandinavians,
• Poles,
• South Asians (600 tho.),
• Caribbean,
• Jews

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Non- European

• Aborid.,
• Chinese,
• South Asians,
• Philippinos,
• Latin Americans

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Minorities (non Fr, Br, Can)

• Germans - Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan,
  Alberta, British Columbia, Atlant. Provincies
• Ital. - Quebec (then Aboridg.)
• Aborid. - Territories

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Visible minorities

• - in Employment Equity Act
• Persons other than aboriginal peoples, who are
  non- Caucasian in race or non-white in colour,
  other origin than European
• Since 1996 question No. 19
• Do you belong to..?
• 1999- 3 mil. (11,2).

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Visible minorities

• Over a half (1,7 mil.) in Ontario,
• 41 in cities (Toronto, Vancouver. Montreal.
• Largest - Chinese (800 tho.), South Asians,
  Blacks
• Most Chinese are immigrants (75)
• Japanese and Blacks were rather born in Canada
  (65, 42 )

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Designated groups

• Employment Equity Act
• apart from visible minorities
• 4 designated groups
• Women Aboriginals Disabled
•  

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Immigrants

• 5 mil immigrants - 17 (1996).
• cf. 1951 only 2 mil.
• 13 (655 tho.) born in UK
• 7 (330 tho.) in It.
• 5 in China, India, USA

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Definition of an immigrant

• 1.  CIC (Citizenship and Immigration Canada)
  who received a permit for permanent settlement
• 2.  Census of Canada
• who was not born in Canada
• "What Country are you a Citizen of?"

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Languages

• official (Fr, Engl.) non-official "home
  languages
• Home language is defined as the language most
  often spoken at home.
• (Statistics Canada collected information on
  English, French and a maximum of one non-official
  language)

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Languages

• 17 (4,9 mil)
• other mother tongue than Fr or Engl.
• 10 (3 mil)
• speaks at home with other tongue
• than Fr or Engl.

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Home languages

• Chinese (half mil)
• Italian
• Panjabi
• Spanish
• Portugeese

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Home languages

• 12 out of 20 most spread home language are
  non-European
• Chines, Panjabi, Arab,
• Tagalog, Vietnamese, Tamil,
• Cree, Farsi, Korean,
• Urdu, Guajarati, Hindu

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Source

• Multicultural Canada, A Demographic Overview,
  Strategic Research and Business Planning, Dept.
  of Canadian Heritage, 1998
• Etc. , vide bellow

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MCP

• Official Languages act in 1969
• Official policy of Multiculturalism in 1971
• Canadian Multiculturalism Act in 1988
• 1997 Renewed multiculturalism programme

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Nunavat

• 1 April 1999
• Inuktitut

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Resources

• Employment Equity Act 1986
• Canadian Multiculturalism Act, 1988
• Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms 1982
• Official Languages act 1969
• Canadian Bill of Rights 1960
• Canadian Citizenship Act 1947

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• Canada Year Book 1997, Minister of Industry, 1996
• Canadian Heritage Multicultural Program,
  Respect, Equality, Diversity, Program Guidelines,
  July 1998
• The Evidence Series, Facts About
  Multiculturalism, May 21, 1998 - volume 1, July
  21, 1998- volume 2, September 21 1998- volume 3
• Profile, Newsletter of the Royal Society of
  Canada, Vol.5, No.1, Spring 1997
• Breton, Raymond From Ethnic to Civic
  Nationalism English Canada and Quebec in
  Hutchinson, John, Smith Anthony, ed. (1996)
  Ethnicity, Oxford- New York Oxford University
  Press

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The Netherlands

• 16 mil.
• Immigrants of Western descent 1, 4 mil. (8)
• Immigrants of non-Western descent 1, 6 mil.
  (incl. 2nd generation) 10
• Total immigrants 18

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Classic groups

• Turkey 331 000 2
• Suriname 315 000
• Morocco 284 000
• Antilles/Aruba 125 000

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New Groups

• Iraq 41 000
• Afghanistan 31 000
• Somalia 29 000
• Iran 27 000
•  
• Cf Rotterdam figures!

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Integration policy

• Coordination
• Ministry of Justice
• (Minister for Immigration and Integration)
  other ministries
• Implementation
• municipalities

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Integration system

• Obligatory programmes for newcomers
• 20 000 newcomers every year
• Voluntary programmes for oldcomers
• Stock of about 464 000 oldcomers

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• Newcomers Integration Act (30 Sept. 1998)
• Policy document on oldcomers (June 2001)
• Dual paths
•  
• Funding
• Newcomers 177 million Euro (2001)
• Oldcomers 100 million Euro (2002)

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Antidiscrimination

• Equal treatment legislation since 1994
• The Equal Treatment Act (ETA)/ The Equal
  Treatment Commission (semi-judicial)
• Race ethnic origin, religion, belief, political
  opinion, nationality, sexual orientation and
  civil status (not handicap and age- cf. EC
  Framework Directive)

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ETA

• Allows positive action as an exception to the
  general prohibition of unequal treatment
  prohibition shall not apply if the
  discrimination is aimed at putting members of
  ethnic and cultural minorities in a privileged
  position, in order to eliminate or reduce de
  facto inequalities. This preferential treatment
  has to be reasonably proportionate to that aim,
  and it should be abolished when equality is
  reached.

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Wet SAMEN

• Act on the stimulation of labour participation of
  ethnic minorities (Wet SAMEN)
• Required organisations to reach proportionate
  participation of ethnic minorities in their
  staff. Wet SAMEN implemented Section 2.2 of
  ICERD-
• The objectives of various laws include reaching
  de facto equality of minority groups on the
  labour market.

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Rotterdam

• 600.000 inhabitants
• second half of the 19th century, thousands of
  labourers mostly from the rural provinces
• harbour related activities, Ruhr-area
• WWI refugees.
• 20s immigration diversified, eg Chinese
• also East and Central Europe, who originally
  came
• to catch the boat to America, but decided to
  stay.

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Table 1 Population Rotterdam 1-1-2001   (Based on
ethnicity, not nationality)   Total
population 595.389 100 Total
immigrants 266.814 45 Immigrants Ethnic
minorities 174.131 29 Other poor
countries 41.380 7 Other rich
countries 51.303 9
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Ethnic minorities Surinamese 51.100
9 Turks 41.467 7
Moroccans 31.646 5 Antilleans 17.847
3 Cape-Verdians 14.650 2 Other
South-Europe 17.421 3
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Table 2. Population Netherlands 1-1-2002 (Based
on ethnicity, not nationality)   Total
population 16.105.000 100 Total immigrants
2.965.000 18   Western immigrants 1.407.000
8 Non-western immigrants 1.558.000 10
  Turks 331.000 2 Surinamese
315.000 Moroccans 284.000 Antilleans
125.000
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