Unit one Grammar and usage

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Unit one Grammar and usage
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Who is he?
He is Zhao Benshan.
What does he do?
He is a comedian.
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What is he doing?
He is performing.
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Whats this?
Its the Great Wall in Beijing.
Have you ever visited it?
Yes, I have. I have visited it twice.
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Have you ever stood on this stage?
No, I havent, but I have been looking forward to
that day.
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Do you want to study in this university?
Yes, we have been expecting to study there for
ages.
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Tenses related to present
1. The simple present tense 2. The present
continuous tense 3. The present perfect tense 4.
The present perfect continuous tense
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???????? ???????? ????????
?? ?? ??
????? ??
????? ??
????? ??
????? ??
????? ??
????? ??
??????? ??
??????? ??
am/is/are do/does
am / is / are done
be (am/is/are) doing
am / is / are being done
have/has done
have / has been done
have/has been doing
X
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• I. the present tense
• 1 ???????????.(??????)
• 1) The geography teacher told us the earth
• moves around the sun.
• ????????????????
• 2) Japan lies to the east of China.
• ??????????
• 3) The sun rises in the east and sets in the
  west.
• ???????
• 4) A couple of days ago, I learnt from my
  teacher that the earth _____ (be) a planet around
  the sun.

is
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• 2 ????????????????????,??often, always, usually,
  sometimes, everyday, once a week ????????????.
• He takes a walk after supper every day.
• ?????????
• My mother ______ (work) at the same company
  as my father.
• ???????????????
• We always _____ for each other and ____ each
  other. ?????????????

works
care
help
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• 3 ???????????????
• 1) Mr. Smith hates fish and never eats any.
• ???????????????
• 2) Mary ______ both English and French very
  well.
• ?????????????
• 3) I _____ ping-pong quite well, but I havent
  had time to play since the new year. (NMET 2001)
• A. will play B. have played
• C. played D. play

speaks
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• 4 ???????????????????????????????????
• 1) The plane takes off at 1000 a.m.
• ????10????
• 2) Tomorrow is Wednesday.
• ???????
• 3) ----Can you tell me when the train ______
  for Shanghai, sir?
• ----Of course, I can. It ______ half an
  hour ago.
• A. leaves left B. will leave
  leaves
• C. will leave left D. leaves has left
• 4) The film ______ quite early. So we _____ to
  the bookstore after that. (2005??,28)
• A. finished are going B. finished go
• C. finishes are going D. finishes to

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• 5. ?????????????????????????
• We will have to put off the sports meeting
  providing it rains tomorrow.
• ?????????????????
• I cant leave unless my boss agrees.
• ??????,???????
• Notes if ?????????????shall ?will
  ????,???????
• If you will accept my invitation and come to
  our party, my family will be pleased.

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????????? ??????????!
??????????????? unless(??), in case (??),
as/so long as / while(??), on condition
that(????,??), if, provided / providing that,
supposing / suppose that , assuring that, granted
/ granting that, on the understanding that,in the
event that (?????)
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??

• You can go out to play as long as you ___ (stay)
  in the back yard.
• He can use the bicycle on condition that he
  _______ (return) it tomorrow.
• Supposing / Suppose he ___ ( be) absent, what
  shall we do?
• In the event (that) she_________________,
  (inform) I will tell her.

stay
returns
is
has not been informed
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???????????????????! 1. ?????, ??,
??when, whenever, each time, every time, next
time, the first time, any time, the morning, the
afternoon, the evening, the night, the day, the
week, the month, the year, the spring, the
summer, the autumn, the winter ?? 1. Id like to
see you whenever it is convenient. 2. Each time
I meet him, he will give me some advice. 3.
----Can I join your club, Dad? ----You can
when you ___ a bit older. (NMET 1994) A. get
B. will C. are getting D. will have
got
A
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2. ????????as soon as, the moment, the
minute, the second, the instant, directly,
immediately, instantly
?? 1) Ill return the book to him the moment I
see him next week. 2) Hell e-mail you
immediately he gets to New York. 3) Zhou Lan is
sure to help you the moment _____ his work.
A. he will finish B. he finishes
C. he finished D. he has finished
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• 3. Before ???, after???, until??, once??
• 1) It will be a long time _____ Frank _____ back
  from abroad.
• A. before comes B. since has come
• C. when will come D. after will
• 2) -----Was his father very strict with him when
  he was at school?
• ----Yes. He had never praised him ______ he
  became one of the top students in his grade.
  (03??)
• A. after B. unless C. until
  D. when
• 3) Scientists say it may be five or six years
  ______ it is possible to test this medicine on
  human patients. (04??)
• A. since B. after C. before
  D. when

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6. ????????????????? 1) ??see to it that, make
sure that?hope???????????????? Ill see to
it that I _____ the reference book on time.
A. return B. could return
C. have returned D. will return
Please make sure the windows ____ closed.
A. is B. are C. will be D. be
A
B
2) ????????????????????????be at hand, be well
on the way, in store etc. (1) The Spring Festival
is at hand. The Spring Festival is coming.
The Spring Festival is on the way. (2) The
building is well on the way to being completed.
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• ????????????????!
• 1 ???????????.(??????)
• 2 ????????????????????,??often, always, usually,
  sometimes, everyday, once a week ????????????.
• 3 ???????????????
• 4 ???????????????????????????????????
• 5. ????????????????????????be at hand, be well
  on the way, in store etc. ????see to it
  that???????.
• 6. ?????????????????????????

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is rising
The sun __________ . The man ___________ .
is walking
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• II. Present continuous tense
• 1. ????????????(?????) ,????????????????????
• ----what are you doing?
• -----I am writing a letter.
• It s raining heavily now, so we must stay
  inside.

The water _______ .
is boiling
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• 2. ???????????(???)???
• Jane is studying law while her sister is
  doing physics.
• ?????????????????
• He is teaching English and learning Chinese.
• ??????????????
• ----Is this raincoat yours?
• ----No, mine ______ there behind the door. (NMET
  1997)
• A. hangs B. has hung
• C. is hanging D. hung

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3. ???????????????????????????????????????,?come,g
o, leave,move,die,start,stop,arrive?,????????,?spe
nd,stay??
(1) She is leaving for Guangzhou next week. (2)
We are spending the whole summer holiday in
Beijing soon. (3) I ___________ Mr. Wang
tonight. ?????????? (4) I __________ to
Qingdao for the summer holiday this year.
????????????
am meeting
am going
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• 4. ?always often forever often????????????????????
  ?????????
• The girl is always talking loud in public.
• ?????????????
• She is often borrowing money and forgetting to
  pay me back.
• ??????????
• She is constantly complaining about her fate.
• ??????????????
• You _____ things about. Look, what a mess in your
  big study!
• A. always throw B. have always thrown
• C. have always been throwing
• D. are always throwing

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• Notes ???????????????
• A ????????????
• Like, love, hate, care, remember, believe,
  want, mind, wish, agree, mean, need
• B ?????????
• be, appear, exist, lie, remain, seem, belong
  to, depend on
• C ?????????
• allow, accept, permit, promise, admit,
  complete
• D ???????
• see, hear, notice, smell, sound, taste, look
  (??feel,see(??),hear(?)?????)
• 1. He ___ not deaf, instead, he ______ very
  well.
• 2. ----Youre drinking too much.
• ----Only at home. No one ____ me but you.
• A. is seeing B. had seen C. sees
  D. saw

is
hears
C
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???????????? 1) ???????????????????????,???????
????????
(1) But scientists are working hard to turn
them into realities.
(2) The writer ___________ (write) a novel these
days. (3) Recently the number of people
fined for speaking on their mobile phones
while they _________ (drive) has
increased greatly.
is writing
are driving
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2) ???????????,?hurt,ache, feel???????????????????

• How are you feeling today?
• How do you feel today?

3) ??????
I am hoping to hear from you soon.
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• ?????????????????!
• 1. ????????????(?????) ,??????????????????????????
  ???
• 2. ???????????(???)???
• 3. ???????????????????????????????????????,?come,g
  o, leave,move,die,start,stop,arrive?,????????,?spe
  nd,stay??
• 4. ?always often forever often????????????????????
  ?????????

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• III. The present perfect tense
• 1 ?????????
• He has hosted the show eight times.
• ????????????
• Billy Crystal has been in many films and
  television shows.
• ?????????????????????
• We __________ to the Great Wall many times.
• ??????????

have been
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• 2 ?????????,???????????????
• He has paid his income tax.
• ???????????
• Doctors __________ that people who laugh a
  lot live longer!
• ????????????????
• 3 ???????????????????????
• My mother has been ill for three days.
• ???????3??
• Most of us ___________ English for 5 years.
• ??????????5?????

have found
have studied
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• 4 ?????????????
• It is (has been) ???? since ??
• This (that/ It ) is the first (second) time
  that ???
• This (That/ It) is the best/ finest / most
  interesting.that???
• Its/ It _________ 3 years since they got
  married.
• Its the first time that I __________ to the
  Great Wall.
• This is the most interesting film that I
  ___________.

has been
have been
have seen
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• Notes ???????????,??????????????, ??????????
• If you have done the experiment, youll
  understand the theory better.
• ???????,?????????????
• Dont get off the bus until it
  ___________________.
• ?????,??????

has stopped / stops
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• ??????????????
• ???????????????,??????,???????,?ago, last year,
  just now, the other day ??????????????????????????
  ???????.
• ????????????????????????,?????????????????????
  ???????,????????
• I _____ English at university for three years,
  but now Ive forgot it.
• A. have studied B. had studied
• C. studied D. would study

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• ???????????????????
• 1 ?????????
• 2 ?????????,???????????????
• 3 ????????????????
• 4 ?????????????
• It is (has been) ???? since ??
• This (that/ It ) is the first (second) time
  that ???
• This (That/ It) is the best/ finest / most
  interesting.that???

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??????????????? 1. ???????????????????????????,?a
lready, yet, just, before, recently, lately?
1) He has already obtained a scholarship. 2) I
haven't seen much of him recently (lately) . 3)
We ___________ that film before. 4) _____ they
______ the missing child yet.
have seen
Have
found
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2. ???????????????????,?often, sometimes, ever,
never, twice, three times, on several occasion?
1) Have you ever been to New York? 2) I have
never heard Simon say anything against her. 3) I
_________ (use) this pen only three times. It is
still good. 4) George ________ (meet) that
gentleman on several occasions.
have used
has met
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3. ??????????????????????????,?now, up to now, up
to present, these few days/weeks/months/years,
this morning / week / month / year, now, just,
today, so far, in the last three weeks / months /
years?
1) Man has now learned to release energy from
the nucleus of the atom. 2) Peter __________ six
papers so far. 3) There _________ too much rain
in San Francisco this year.
has written
has been
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• 4. ???????????????????????.
• 1) Tom ____ the CD player for two weeks.
• A. has lent B. has borrowed
• C. has bought D. has had
• 2) The Green family _____ London for nearly two
  years. They all miss their hometown very much.
• A. left B. have been
  away form
• C. am not enjoying D. will leave
• 3) ----How long have Mr. Wang and his wife ____?
• ----Its been 10 years since they ______.
• A. married married B. married were
  married
• C. been married got married
• D. got married were married

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• IV. the present perfect continuous tense
• ?????????????????????,????????????
• Chinese have been making paper for more than
  2000 years.
• ?????????2000????
• Doctors ____________________ that question for
  many years.
• ???,?????????????
• The children _______________ TV all morning.
• ?????????????

have been researching
have bee watching
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????????????????

• 1. ???????????????????????????,????????????,??????
  ??????
• We have been cleaning the classroom.
• We have cleaned the classroom.

???????
?????
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2. ??????????????????,???????????????????
They have been widening the road.They have
widened the road.
????, ???????
????, ??????
3. ????????????????,?????????????
Have you been meeting her lately?Have you met
her lately?
???????
???????????
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4. ???????????,???????????,???????????????,???????
,????,?????????
I have been wanting to meet you for long. I have
long wanted to meet you. (a)??(b)????,??????? ---
-Hi, Tracy, you look tired. ----I am tired. I
___ the living room all day. A. painted
B. had painted C. have been painting D. have
painted
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Check the answers(Part A P 9)
I___ tired, but happy today. I _______________ my
play since January, and now I _________ for
actors to perform in it. It __ exciting to think
of them saying the words I__________ _________
for months. I have already found one enthusiastic
actor who ____ super.
am
have been writing
am looking
is
have been
imagining
is
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He _________a film right now, but _______________
to be in a play for many years. I
_____________several advertisements for my play.
We ___________them next week. Tickets ________ on
sale next week. Writing ___ tough work, but I
_____ it will all be worthwhile, and I will be
famous when the play ______.
is making
has been planning
have designed
are printing
are going
is
hope
opens
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Part B P 9
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• I ______________ at the comedy
• Club tonight.

am performing
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2 I _________________ my jokes in front of the
mirror for the last three hours.
have been practising
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3 My family ________ to watch my show.
is coming
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4 I ____ nervous about the show.
am
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???? worth, worthy ? worthwhile?????,?????,????,?
??????,???????????? ? worth?????,??????V-ing??(??
???)?? The used car is still worth 2,000.
????????2000??? Is the exhibition worth a visit
/ visiting? ???????????
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? worthy??????????????,???of sth.??????? Lianyunga
ng is worthy of a visit / to be visited.
?????????? He said he was not worthy to accept
such an honor. ????????????? The school has
graduated many worthy young people.
????????????????
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? worthwhile??????????????,??V-ing?????????? Than
k you for your worthwhile suggestion.
???????????? Hangzhou is a beautiful place. It is
worthwhile going / to go there. ?????????,?????
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• 1. She considers teaching a __________________
  career.
• 2. The time and expense involved in keeping up to
  date with all the changes has been____________.
• 3. I think this matter is ___________ our
  attention.
• 4. The National Museum is ______ of a visit.
• 5. There's nothing ______ reading in this
  newspaper.
• 6. It is _________ to read the film again.

worthwhile / worthy
worthwhile
worth / worthy of
worthy
worth
worthwhile
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• 1. I have already found one enthusiastic actor
  who is super. ??????????????????
• enthusiastic adj. ???
• You don't seem very enthusiastic about the
  party - don't you want to go tonight?
• enthusiasm noun U ??
• One of the good things about teaching young
  children is their enthusiasm.After the accident
  he lost his enthusiasm for the sport.

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• 2 Writing is tough work, but I hope it will
  all be worthwhile.
• ?????????,???????????
• tough adj. ???,???They will be a tough team
  to beat.The company is going through a tough
  time at the moment.Many homeless people are
  facing a tough winter.

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2006??????
1. The house belongs to my aunt but she __ here
any more. A. hasnt lived B.
didnt live C. hadnt lived D.
doesnt live 2. As you can see, the number of
cars on our roads ___ rising these days. A.
was keeping B. keep C. keeps
D. were keeping
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3. I have to go to work by taxi because my car
___ at the garage. A. will be repaired
B. is repaired C. is being repaired D.
has been repaired 4. The father as well as his
three children ___ skating on the frozen river
every Sunday afternoon in winter. A. is
going B. go C. goes
D. are going
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5. ---I dont suppose the police know who did
it. --- Well, surprisingly they do. A man has
been arrested and ___ now. A. has been
questioned B. is being questioned C. is
questioning D. has questioned 6. The
building around the corner caught fire last
night. The police are now ___ the matter.
A. seeing through B. working out C.
looking into D. watching over
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7. My friend, who ___ on the International
Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next
month. A. served B. is
serving C. had served D. has
served 8. Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten
your seat belts. The plane ____. A. takes off
B. is taking off C. has taken off
D. took off
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9. I wont tell the student the answer to the
math problem until he ___ on it for more than an
hour. A. has been working B. will have
worked C. will have been working D. had
worked 10. Although the causes of cancer ___, we
do not yet have any practical way to
prevent it. A. are being uncovered B.
have been uncovering C. are uncovering D.
have uncovered
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• ???????? ???
• (2000??) The WTO cannot
• live up to its name ____ it
• does not include a country
• that is home to one fifth of
• mankind.
• A. as long as B. while
• C. if D. even though
• 2. Although he has lived with us for
• years, he ______ us much impression.
• A hadnt left B didnt leave
  
• C doesnt leave D hasnt left

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2. (2001??) The men will have to wait all day
____ the doctor works faster. A. if
B. unless C. whether
D. that 3. (2001??) Ive won a holiday for
two to Florida. I ____ my mum. A. am taking
B. have taken C. take
D. will have taken
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4. (2001??) Hundreds of jobs ____ if the
factory closes. A. lose B.
will be lost C. are lost D.
will lose 5. (2002??) He will have learned
English for eight years by the time he ____
from the university next year. A. will
graduate B. will have graduated C.
graduates D. is to graduate
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6. (2003??) Come and see me whenever ____. A.
you are convenient B. you will be
convenient C. it is convenient to you
D. it will be convenient to you 7. (2004???) You
can eat food free in my restaurant ____ you
like. A. whenever B. wherever
C. whatever D. however
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8. (2005???) You must keep on working in the
evening ____ you are sure you can finish the task
in time. A. as B. if C. when
D. unless 9.What would you do if it ________
tomorrow? (2005???) We have to carry it
on, since weve got everything ready. A.
rain B. rains
C. will rain D. is raining
67

• 10. In such dry weather, the flowers will have to
  be watered if they _______.
• (2001???)
• A. have survive B. are to survive
• C. would survive D. will survive
• 11. (NMET 2003?)All morning as she waited for the
  medical report from the doctor, her
  nervousness_______.
• A has grown B is growing
• C grew D had grown

68

• 12. --_____ David and Vicky _____ married?
  
• --For about three years. (NMET 2003???)
• A How long were being
• B How long have got
• C How long have been
• D How long did get
• 13. John and I _______ friends for
• eight years. We first got to know
• each other at a Christmas party.
• But we ______ each other a couple
• of times before that. (NMET 2002?????)
• A had been have seen
• B have been have seen
• C had been had seen
• D have been had seen

69
Translate the following sentences
70
1. ??,???????????????
is
Nowadays, stand-up comedy ___ popular all over
the world.
2. ???????????????
No one ____________ being made fun of before the
public.
appreciates
3.?????????
People who laugh a lot _____ longer.
live
71

• ??????900????
• The train ______ at nine in the morning.
• ???????????
• That boy ___________________ trouble.
• ????????????
• Ill go to your home when I __________ my
  homework.
• ???????????????
• While you _________ around the street, dont
  forget the traffic rules.

starts
is always making
have finished
are going
72
???????????,?????,???????????????????
have

• ---How long______ David and Vicky
• ______ _______(marry)?
• ---For about three years.
• 2.Come and see me whenever it ____ (be)
  convenient to you.
• 3. The water will be further polluted unless some
  measures ____ ______(take).

been married
is
are taken
73
is closing

• 6.Because the shop____ ______(close) down, all
  the T-shirts are sold at half price.
• 7. Every possible means ___ ____ _____(try) to
  prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still
  not clear.
• 8.---Whats that terrible noise?
• ---The neighbors ____ ________(prepare) for a
  party.
• 9. The Smiths moved to settle in Canada in 2003,
  so they_____ _____ _____(live) there for 3 years.

has been tried
are preparing
have been living
74

• 10.The number of deaths from heart disease will
  be reduced greatly if people ___ _______
  (persuade) to eat more fruit and vegetables.
• 11. You _____ always ________(watch) television.
  Why not do something more active?
• 12. The crazy fans ____ ____ _______ (wait)
  patiently for two hours and they will wait till
  the movie star arrives.
• 13. Dont stop your car here. Look at the sign
  which _____(read) No Parking!

are persuaded
are
watching
have been waiting
reads
75
Comparison

• The idea sounds great.
• Why is the driver sounding his horn?
• see
• I _____what you mean.
• He _________the doctor now.
• smell
• The roses _______nice.
• I ___________ the roses now.

see
is seeing
smell
am smelling
76
Mistake-correcting (where necessary)
v

• What are you thinking about?
• What are you thinking of the film?
• What are you looking for?
• Youre looking quite well.
• Which judge is hearing the case?
• She doesnt hear very well.
• We are having a discussion.
• Are you have any questions?

do you think
v
look
v
v
v
Do
77
Fill in the blanks lie stand fit taste
Using the simple present tense/ the present
continuous tense
are lying

• People _________on the beach.
• The city _____on the coast.
• He __________ on a rock.
• His statue _______ in the city square.
• My father ________the parts together.
• The dress _____ my mother perfectly.
• The wine _______ good.
• I _________ the wine.

lies
is standing
stands
is fitting
fits
tastes
am tasting
78
Focus on

• have gone / have been
• 1. Tonny _________abroad to continue his studies.
• 2. His girl friend _________abroad many times to
  see him.
• 3. ----Where _________ you ____________?
• 4. ----Where ________ he ___________?
• 5. ----Where _____ he now?

has gone
has been
has / did
been / go
gone / go
has / did
is
79
Focus on

• since /when/if
• We __________in England since I was a child.
• It _____ just a week since I met him.
• Ill write to him when I ____________ the book.
• If she _________ to bed when you see her, tell
  her to give me a ring.

live
have lived
is
be
have finished
finish
hasnt gone
not go
80
Focus on

• time
• Its the first time she __________ a car.
• Thats the third time he _________ (phone) her
  this morning.
• Its the first gold medal _________ for ages.
• This is the best book that I ________
• in my life.

has driven
has driven
Ive had
have read
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Happy stay with you. Thank you for your listening!
Goodbye! From Mr. Luo Miaozhong