Diabetes

1
Diabetes

• By
• Ali Hines
• Jennifer Jacobson, and
• Joe Shull

2
What Is Diabetes?

• Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic
  diseases characterized by high blood sugar. First
  identified as disease with sweet urine, and
  excessive muscle loss in the ancient world.

3
What are some symptoms.

• Constant thirst and dry mouth.
• The need to urinate more that usual.
• Weight Loss.
• Genital itching.
• Tiredness and weakness.
• Tendency to get minor infections. (ex. Boils or
  Thrush)
• Blurred vision.
• Slow to heal cuts and bruises.
• Tingling or numbness of the hands and feet.

4
How Its Diagnosed.

• Then the doctor will give you a quick urine test
  to look for the presence of glucose in your
  urine.
• Normally, there should be no sugar in urine but
  when the level of glucose in the blood rises
  above normal, glucose is spilled into the urine
  by the kidneys. This is a why diabetes symptoms,
  such as excessive urination and genital itching,
  occur. If sugar is present in the urine it is a
  good indicator of diabetes.

5
Treatment of type one diabetes.

• Insulin is the mainstay of treatment for patients
  with type one diabetes.
• Ideally, insulin medication should be
  administered in a manner that mimics a natural
  pattern of insulin secretion by a healthy
  pancreas.
• The complex pattern of insulin secretion by the
  pancreas is difficult to duplicate, still
  adequate blood glucose control can be achieved
  with careful attention to diet, regular exercise,
  checking blood sugar at home, and taking shots of
  insulin through out the day or using insulin
  pumps.

6
(No Transcript)
7
Stats

• 20.8 million people in the united states (7 of
  the population) have diabetes while 14.6 have
  been diagnosed
• out of that 6.2 million people are unaware that
  they even have the disease.
• 9.6 of people 20 years or older have diabetes
• 10.9 million men in America have diabetes and 1/3
  of them dont know they do
• 9.7 million women have diabetes and nearly 1/3 of
  them dont know they do.
• About 1 of every 400-600 children and teenagers
  in the u.s. will have type 1 or 2

8
Stats cont.

• Prevalence of diabetes is at least 2-4 times
  higher among Black, Hispanic, American Indian,
  and Asian women than that of Caucasian women.
• diabetes is the 5th deadliest cause in the U.S.
• Each day about 4,110 people are diagnosed with
  diabetes.

9
(No Transcript)
10
Causes

• Type 1
• In type one diabetes the body has little or no
  insulin because the immune system has attacked
  insulin producing cells in the pancreas called
  Beta cells.
• Factors such as genetics, diet, and exposure to
  certain viruses all may be involved in triggering
  diabetes.

• Type 2
• Too much body fat
• Smoking
• Lack of physical activity
• High blood pressure and/or high cholesterol.

11
Risk factors
12
Self care tips

• You need to schedule yearly physicals, eye exams,
  and dentistry if you have diabetes.
• Have the needed vaccinations because you are more
  susceptible to infections and colds.
• Take care of your feet because you can have nerve
  damage, and poor blood circulation.
• Avoid smoking and alcohol.

13
Tips contd

• Take a daily aspirin because it reduces the risk
  of heart attack.
• Monitor your blood pressure, cholesterol, and
  blood sugar.
• Learn to manage stress.

14
Short term complications

• Low/High blood sugar
• Seizures
• Loss of consciousness
• Poor blood circulation and nerve damage in feet.

15
Long term complications

• Blindness
• Kidney failure
• Nerve and blood vessel damage
• Disabilities
• Death

16
What will the future bring?

• Scientists are searching for genes that may be
  involved in type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Some
  genetic markers for type 1 diabetes have been
  identified and it is now possible to screen
  relatives of people with type 1 to determine
  whether theyre at risk.

17
QUIZ
18
Which of the following is a symptom of diabetes?

• A. Dry mouth
• B. Blurred vision
• C. Coughing
• D. Both A and B

19
What is a test that you may undergo to see if you
have diabetes?

• A. PH test
• B. Hand written test
• C. Urine Test
• D. a drug test

20
What is the main treatment for diabetes?

• A. Insulin
• B. Tylenol
• C. Antibiotics
• D. Penicillin

21
Which of these are types of insulin?

• Lantus
• Atrovent
• Regular/short acting
• Both A and C

22
True or False

• More women have diabetes than men in the United
  States.
• FALSE

23
True or False

• Diabetes is the fifth deadliest cause in the U.S.
• TRUE

24
Which of the following are not a cause of
diabetes?

• A. Lack of physical activity
• B. Too much body fat
• C. Too much stress
• D. Smoking

25
True or False

• Obesity and race are risk factors for diabetes.
• TRUE

26
What are two (2) things you need to keep track of
other than blood sugar

• A) cholesterol, and weight
• B) cholesterol, and blood sugar.
• C) Heart rate, and weight.
• D) Age and activity level

27
which of the following is not a symptom of
diabetes?

• A) Seizures
• B) Hearing loss
• C) Loss of consciousness
• D) Poor blood circulation and nerve damage in
  feet.

28

• MAGAZINES
• Harder, Ben. "Diabetes from a Plastic." Science
  News 1-21-06 37-38.
• Kalb, Claudia and Kuchment, Anna.
  "Health-Conscious African-Americans are
  reinventing classic recipes...." Newsweek
  1/30/06 54.

29
Bibliography
WEBSITES "Juvenile Diabetes Research
Foundation.. 2006. JDRF. lthttp//www.jdrf.org/ind
ex.cfm?page_id103438gt. "Diabetes.com.. 2006.
GSK united states. lthttp//www.jdrf.org/index.cfm?
page_id103438gt. BOOKS Covelli, Pat. Borrowing
time growing up with juvenile diabetes... New
York ALA notable books, 1979. Litin, Scott C..
Mayo Clinic family Health Book. New York Harper
Collins, 2003.