International Energy Efficiency Developments in the Buildings Sector: Opportunities and Issues

1
International Energy Efficiency Developments in
the Buildings Sector Opportunities and Issues

• Dr Paul Waide
• Senior Policy Analyst
• IEA Energy Efficiency and Environment Division
• 10th CEI Sumiit Economic Forum
• Mobilising Resources for a Common Future
• 21st November 2007 Sofia

2
The energy challenge the three Es
Energy Security
Environmental Protection
Economic Development
3
WEO Reference Scenario Energy-related CO2
emissions by fuel
Buildings account for 37 of emissions
4
WEO Reference Scenario Cumulative Energy Sector
Investment to 2030
Indirectly energy use in buildings account for
about 49
5
Building energy efficiency potentials

• Existing buildings
• Studies from Europe (EU 15) show that consumption
  in existing buildings for heating and cooling can
  be more than halved
• New EU member states show larger potentials
  (5580)
• Efficient HVAC systems and renewable energy can
  reduce fossil fuel use even further
• New buildings
• Passive Houses are being built in Europe with up
  to 75 reduction in energy use compared to
  traditional buildings
• Zero Energy or Zero Carbon Buildings with zero
  net energy use are technically feasible by
  including renewable energy systems but are more
  costly

6
Prospect for existing Buildings Frankfurt
Refurbishment using Passive House Technology
87
7
Frankfurt/M Germany Sophienhof FAAG/ABG Frankfurt
Architect Fuessler Passive House Flats
160 dwellings 14 767 m² Passive House Technology
Extra building costs 3-5 of the total b.c.
8
Other buildings with extreme low energy
consumption
La Rochelle, France
Sanitas-BUPA Headquarters, Spain
Guzzini Headquarters, Italy
Frauenhofer ICE, Germany
Source EULEB - http//www.euleb.info/fr/home/index
.html
BRE Office, Watford UK
AVAX Headquarters, Athens
9
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 4th
Assessment report WG3 on buildings

• 29 of building-related CO2 emissions (i.e. 3.6
  billion tonnes) can be saved by 2020
  cost-effectively

10
Avoiding 1 billion tonnes of CO2 per year
Coal
Replace 300 conventional, 500-MW coal power
plants with zero-emission power plants, or ...
CO2 Sequestration
Install 1000 Sleipner CO2 sequestration plants
Wind
Install 200 x current US wind generation in lieu
of unsequestered coal
Solar PV
Install 1300 x current US solar generation in
lieu of unsequestered coal
Nuclear
Build 140 1-GW power plants in lieu of
unsequestered coal plants
To meet the energy demand stabilize CO2
concentrations unprecedented technology changes
must occur in this century
11
Barriers to energy efficiency

• Missing or partial information on energy
  efficiency not visible to end user
• Lack of awareness re cost-effective savings
  potentials
• Shortage of necessary skills in building industry
• Split incentives Landlord-Tenant issue long
  building lifetimes developer doesnt pay bills
• EE is bundled-in with more important capital
  decision factors
• All result in emphasis on 1st not Life-cycle costs

12
Some of the current policies

• Building energy codes for new and existing
  buildings
• Building energy audits certification
• Fiscal and financial incentives
• Minimum performance requirements for components
  (boilers, glazing, equipment etc.)
• Energy efficiency improvement obligations for
  energy suppliers
• Support for RD industrial capacity building
• Support for ESCOs and financing
• Planning development requirements

13
However, even the latest EU codes are not
cost-optimised over building lifetime
Least Cost Wall Insulation Europe
Least Cost Ceiling Insulation Europe
U-values in European Building codes compared to
Least Cost over 30 years. Most building codes
are far from the Least Cost over Lifetime values.
In a few countries with a vide climatic
variation some values comes close but there is
a need for differentiation in the requirements.
14
G8 Heiligendamm Summit 2007
15
G8 endorsed energy efficiency policy
recommendations from IEA

• Buildings
• 1. Set enforce mandatory energy codes that
  minimise building costs over a 30 year period
• 2. Promote passive zero energy buildings
• 3. Collection of information
• Equipment used in buildings
• 4. Limit standby power to 1 watt
• 5. Implement standards and labels for all
  significant energy using products
• 6. Phase out inefficient incandescent bulbs as
  soon as commercially economically viable
  introduce other policies to promote efficient
  lighting in all sectors

16
Estimated impact of full implementation of IEA
G8 policy recommendations on world final energy
consumption
2006 recs 2007 recs