Types of Developmental Disoders | Plexus

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What are Developmental Disorders? Developmental
disorders in children refer to a range of
conditions that can affect their physical,
communication, social, emotional, and cognitive
development. Each disorder comes with its own
individual challenges for the child and family.
Most developmental disorders require
intervention and specialized care.
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Types of Developmental Disorders There are two
types of developmental disorders. They are
Diagnosed at Birth Diagnosed between 3 and 5 years of age
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• Autism/ Autism Spectrum Disorder
• Neurobehavioral condition
• Impairs social interaction, and language and
  communication skills
• Children with autism may appear to be rigid and
  unyielding, exhibiting repetitive behaviours.
• Due to this complex range of symptoms, autism is
  now called autism spectrum disorder or ASD.
• The severity of ASD can vary from being a
  handicap that prevents a person from leading a
  normal life to a devastating disability that may
  require admission to a rehabilitation center.

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• Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
• Impairs childs ability to control their
  spontaneous responses
• Can lead to behaviors such as
• Inattentiveness
• Inability to follow instructions
• Dislike for routine
• Tendency to blurt out remarks
• Some children with ADHD may also display
  hyperactive behavior.

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• Cerebral Palsy
• Group of disorders
• Impairs a childs posture, proprioception (sense
  of balance), coordination, and mobility
• Caused by abnormal brain development or
  irreparable damage to the immature and/or
  developing brain
• Typically, result of trauma during pregnancy or
  shortly after birth

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• Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder
• Group of complex, lifelong, and typically
  disabling conditions
• May occur in children whose mothers consumed
  alcohol during pregnancy
• Encompasses a wide range of cognitive, physical,
  emotional, and behavioral challenges

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• Down Syndrome / Trisomy 21
• Genetic disorder caused by the presence of an
  extra chromosome 21
• Typically causes a range of cognitive and
  physical characteristics

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• Fragile X Syndrome
• Genetic disorder
• Most common inherited cause of intellectual
  disability, especially among boys
• Caused by a mutation in the FMR1 gene
• Results in the production of a non-functioning
  protein that affects brain functioning and
  development

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• Spina Bifidia
• Congenital neural tube defect
• Occurs during early fetal development when the
  spinal column does not close properly
• One of the most common birth defects
• Impacts the central nervous system
• Causes a range of neurological and physical
  challenges

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• Muscular Dystrophy
• Inherited developmental disorder
• Characterised by degeneration of muscle and
  progressive muscle weakness
• Caused by mutations in the genes responsible for
  the structure and function of muscle fibers
• Each type has its typical features, disease
  progression, and inheritance patterns

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• Velocardiofacial Syndrome
• Genetic disorder
• Caused by the deletion of a small piece of
  chromosome 22
• Affects various systems in the body
• Causes a range of developmental, physical, and
  medical issues
• Also known as 22q11.2 deletion syndrome
• Most mysterious developmental disorder

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• Causes of Developmental Disorders
• Prenatal Conditions
• Premature birth
• Maternal infections
• Exposure to teratogens (drugs, alcohol, tobacco,
  certain medications)
• Perinatal Conditions
• Low birth weight
• Traumatic birth
• Birth complications (oxygen deprivation)

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• Causes of Developmental Disorders
• Postnatal Conditions
• Nutritional deficiencies
• Exposure to environmental toxins
• Traumatic brain injuries
• Genetic Factors
• Chromosomal abnormalities
• Inherited genetic traits (autism is believed to
  have a genetic component)
• Genetic mutations/alterations
• Neurological Factors
• Structural abnormalities or malformations in the
  brain
• Neurotransmitter imbalance
• Family history, maternal health, late initiation
  or inadequate prenatal care are some of the
  greatest risk factors of developmental disorders.

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• Red Flags of Developmental Disorders
• Cognitive and/or intellectual symptoms
• Learning difficulties
• Short-term memory issues
• Intellectual disabilities
• Executive functioning problems
• Communication symptoms
• Speech delays
• Language delays
• Verbal and non-verbal communication problems

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• Red Flags of Developmental Disorders
• Behavioral symptoms
• Anxiety
• Phobia
• Emotional dysregulation
• Depression
• Mood disorders
• Aggression
• Tendency to self-harm
• Fixations or unusually obsessive behaviors
• Social Symptoms
• Repetitive behaviors - hand flapping, rocking,
  unable to accept changes to routine
• Lacking in empathy
• Inability to initiate social interaction
• Overreacting to sensory stimuli - sensitivity to
  sound, light, textures, or touch

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• Red Flags of Developmental Disorders
• Gross and fine motor challenges
• Impaired hand-eye coordination
• Sudden/gradual loss of previously acquired
  skills, such as social abilities or speech
  (regression)
• Delays in achieving developmental milestones
• Sleep problems

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• Early Intervention and Specialized Care at Plexus
• We focus on
• Developing communication and social skills
• Enabling your little one to build vocabulary,
  comprehend and apply new words and phrases
• Improving their cognitive and behavioral skills
• Helping them acquire critical skills for daily
  living, learning, and social interaction
• Supporting you and your family to understand and
  cope with your childs needs
• Fostering a nurturing and inclusive environment

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• Early Intervention and Specialized Care at Plexus
• We use a combination of supportive measures, such
  as
• Speech therapy
• Occupational therapy
• Physical therapy
• Behavioral interventions
• Parental education and counselling
• Early Intervention program
• Our early intervention program identifies and
  addresses developmental challenges in infants,
  toddlers, and young children. We work towards
  boosting your little ones developmental
  potential and improving their overall quality of
  life.

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Reach out to Team Plexus to know more about our
Early Intervention and Specialized Care
Programs. Call 91 78159 64668 (Hyderabad) 91
82299 99888 (Bangalore) WhatsApp [phone]