When identifying a mineral, this is the test that measures how easily a mineral can be scratched, measure on a scale from 1 to 10.

1
When identifying a mineral, this is the test that
measures how easily a mineral can be scratched,
measure on a scale from 1 to 10.

• hardness

2
When identifying a mineral, this is the test that
measures how a mineral reflects light such as
metallic, pearl, or dull.

• luster

3
When identifying a mineral, this is the test that
measures a minerals mass compared to the same
volume of water.

• Specific gravity

4
When identifying a mineral, this is the test that
shows the color of a minerals powder.

• Streak test

5
When identifying a mineral, this is test showing
how a mineral breaks

• Cleavage, fracture

6
What are the three basic types of rocks?

• Igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary

7
What are the two types of igneous rocks?

• Extrusive rocks

• Intrusive rocks

8
List characteristics of intrusive rocks.

• Made INSIDE the earth
• Made of magma
• Cool slowly
• Made of large crystals

Granite, Gabbro
Example
9
List characteristics of extrusive rocks.

• Made on surface of Earth
• Made of lava
• Cools quickly
• Rocks have NO or very tiny crystals

Example
Pumice, basalt, obsidian, scoria
10
Igneous rocks that are dark in color, made mostly
of iron and magnesium are called

• BALSALTIC

11
Igneous rocks that are mostly light colored,
containing lots of silica are

• GRANITIC

12
What are the two types of metamorphic rocks?

• Foliated

• Nonfoliated

Characteristics examples
Banded or striped -gneiss, slate
Not banded or striped, larger crystals
quartzite, marble
13
What is necessary to make metamorphic rocks?

• Extreme heat, pressure or hot liquids.

14
What is necessary to make sedimentary rocks?

• Weathering (breaking up of rocks)
• then, erosion followed with
• Compaction or cementation of sediment

15
What are some examples of sedimentary rocks?

• Sandstone
• Shale
• Conglomerate
• Limestone
• Coal

16
What model illustrates the process to create and
change rocks?

• Rock Cycle

17

• What is the most common rock seen (75 of them)?
• What is the breaking down of rock called?
• What is the carrying away of sediment by natural
  forces?

• Sedimentary rocks
• Weathering (done by wind, water, ice and gravity)
• erosion

18
What two steps should occur for any rock to turn
into sedimentary rock?

• Weathering (breaking down of old rock)
• Compaction or cementation (pressing or glue rock
  fragment together)

19
What type of sedimentary rock is made of pieces
or other rocks or shells?

• DETRITAL
• EXAMPLES?
• BRECCIA, SANDSTONE, SILTSTONE, SHALE

20
Halite is a sedimentary rock formed from

• Dissolved minerals water evaporates leaving
  behind the halite (rock salt)
• How is this rock classified?
• A chemical sedimentary rock

21
What type of rock or rocks are made from once
living organisms that are cemented or compacted
together?

• ORGANIC SEDIMENTARY
• EXAMPLES? (name 3)
• LIMESTONE (tiny seashells)
• COQUINA (bigger pieces of seashells,
• CHALK, (microscopic seashells)
• COAL (plants die and chemically change)

22
List 2 comparisons for igneous rocks.

• Made from molten material
• Near a volcano
• Must cool to become a rock

23
Give at least 2 comparisons for metamorphic rocks

• They are put under great pressure or heat
• They are very dense rocks

24
Give at least 2 comparisons for sedimentary rocks

• All are made of bits of rock, plants, animals
• Undergo weathering erosion to break down
• Pieces undergo compaction and cementation to put
  pieces together to make a rock

25
List a foliate metamorphic rock

• Slate
• Gneiss

26
List a nonfolliated metamorphic rock

• Quartzite
• Marble

27
Name 3 igneous extrusive rocks

• Pumice
• Scoria
• Basalt
• Obsidian
• Geode

28
Name 2 intrusive igneous rocks

• Granite
• Diorite

29
What 2 processes does it take to turn rocks into
igneous rock?

• 1. melting
• 2. cooling

30
What 3 processes will turn rock into metamorphic
rocks?

• 1. Extreme pressure
• 2. heat
• 3. hot liquids

31
What 2 processes does it take to turn rock into
sediment?

• Weathering
• Erosion

32
What 2 processes does it take to turn sediment
into sedimentary rock?

• Compaction
• cementation