VLIR Workshop on Library Development problems: Identifying solutions by cooperation

1
VLIR Workshop on Library Development
problemsIdentifying solutions by co-operation

• The catalog
• Willy Van Der Pijpen and Marc VerpoortenFebruary
  15, 2003

2
Program

• Cataloging rules and standards
• Retrospective cataloging and the use of other
  sources
• Cataloging e-publications

3
FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORDS

• FIRST GROUP OF ENTITIES
• WORK
• is realized through
• EXPRESSION
• is embodied in
• MANIFESTATION
• is exemplified by
• ITEM

4

• SECOND GROUP OF ENTITIES AND RESPONSIBILITY
  RELATIONSHIPS
• PERSONS
• CORPORATE BODIES
• are
• owners or items
• producers of manifestations
• realizers of expressions
• creators of works

5

• THIRD GROUP OF ENTITIES AND RESPONSIBILITY
  RELATIONSHIPS
• ADITIONAL SET OF ENTITIES THAT CAN SERVE AS THE
  SUBJECT OF WORKS
• CONCEPT (an abstract notion or idea)
• OBJECT (a material thing)
• EVENT (place)
• PLACE (a location)

6
A WORK

• is an abstract entity
• is recognized through individual realizations or
  expressions of the work
• e.g. Homers Iliad as a work is not a
  particular text of the work, but the
  intellectual creation behind the various
  expressions of the work

7
A WORK (cont.)

• revisions, updates to an earlier text,
  translations, abridgements, are expressions of
  the same work
• when the modification of a work involves
  asignificant degree of independent or artistic
  effort, the result is viewed as a new work

8
EXPRESSION

• The specific intellectual or artistic form that a
  work takes each time it is realized
• Form alpha-numeric, musical, choreographic
  notation, sound, image, object, movement, ...
• Expression excludes aspects of physical form that
  are not integral to the intellectual or artistic
  realization of the work as such

9
EXPRESSION (cont.)

• Any change in form (e.g. from alpha-numeric
  notation to spoken word) results in a new
  expression

10
MANIFESTATION

• Is the physical embodiment of an expression of a
  work
• Wide rang of materials manuscripts, books,
  maps, posters, sound recordings,
• Manifestation represents all the physical objects
  that bear the same characteristics in respect
  both intellectual context and physical form

11
MANIFESTATION (cont.)

• In some cases there may be only a single physical
  exemplar produced of a manifestation of the work
  (ex. An authors manuscript), in other cases
  there are multiple copies produced to facilitate
  dissemination
• The set of copies produced in each case
  constitutes a manifestation

12
MANIFESTATION (cont.)

• Changes in physical form a new manifestation
• Changes affecting display characteristics
• Changes in physical medium
• Changes in the container

13
ITEM

• A single exemplar of a manifestation
• An item is a concrete entity

14
PERSON

• An individual
• Is involved in the creation or realization of a
  work (author, composer, artist, editor,
  translator, performer)
• Can be the subject of a work

15
CORPORATE BODY

• An organization or group of individuals and/or
  organizations acting as a unit
• Identified by a particular name, including
  occasional groups that are constituted as
  meetings, conferences, expeditions, exhibitioins,
  festivals, fairs,

16
CORPORATE BODY (cont.)

• Organizations that act as territorial
  authorities, exercising or claiming to organise
  government functions over a certain territory
• Are involved in the creation or realization of a
  work
• Can be the subject of a work

17
CONCEPT

• A comprehensive range of abstractions that may
  be the subject of a work
• - fields of knowledge
• - disciplines
• - philosophies, religions, ideologies
• - theories
• - processes
• - techniques
• - practices
• - ...

18
OBJECT

• A comprehensive range of materials, things that
  may be the subject of a work
• - animate and inanimate objects occuring in
  nature
• - fixed, movable, moving objects created by
  human

19
EVENT

• A comprehensive range of actions and occurences
  that may be the subject of a work
• - historical events
• - epochs
• - periods of time
• - ...

20
PLACE

• A comprehensive range of locations
• - terrestrial and extra-terrestrial
• - historical and contempory
• - geographic features
• - geo-political jurisdictions
• - ...

21
AGGREGATE ENTITIES

• The entity work may represent an aggregate of
  individual works brought together by an editor or
  compiler in the form of an anthology, a set of
  individual monographs brought together by a
  publisher to form series or a collection

22
COMPONENT ENTITIES

• The entity work may represent an intellectually
  or artistically discrete component of a larger
  work such as
• - a chapter of a report
• - a segment of a map
• - an article in a journal
• - ...

23
ATTRIBUTES

• Each of the entities has associated with it a
  set of charachteristics or
• 2 categories
• - inherent physical characteristics and
  features that might be charcterized as labeling
  information
• - externally imputed identifiers for an
  entity (e.g. thematic catalogue number for a
  musical composition) and contextual information
  (reference to an external source is often
  required
• Waarom voordelen
• Wie de initiatiefnemers
• Aandachtspunten
• Demo
• Actieplan

24
ATTRIBUTES (cont.)

• The attributes were derived from a logical
  analusis of the data that are typically reflected
  in bibliographic records (ISBD, GARE, GSARE,
  UNIMARC)

25
RELATIONSHIPS

• Terms as
• edition
• version
• based on
• translated from
• are a signal to the cataloguer that a
  relationship should be reflected in the
  bibliographic record
• but thos terms are often neither clearly
  defined nor uniformly applied
• Waarom voordelen
• Wie de initiatiefnemers
• Aandachtspunten
• Demo
• Actieplan

26
RELATIONSHIPS (cont.)

• Relationships serve as the vehicle for depicting
  the link between one entity and another, and thus
  as te means of assisting the user to navigate

27
RELATIONSHIPS (cont.)

• Relationships are only operative if the entries
  on each side of the relationship are explicitely
  identified
• e.g. based on a play by Hendrik Ibsen does
  not state a work to work relationship
• based on ghosts by Hendrik Ibsen does

28

• RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN WORK, EXPRESSION,
  MANIFESTATION AND ITEM
• Works
• WORK realized through EXPRESSION embodied in
  MANIFESTATION, exemplified by ITEM

29
Expressions

• an EXPRESSION is the realization of a WORK
• All expressions of a work are linked to the work
• There is a sibling relationship between the
  various expressions of the work
• ex. Work Charles Dickens A Christmas carol
• expression the original English text
• expression a Tamil translation by V.A.
  Venkatachari

30
Manifestations

• a MANIFESTATION is the embodiment of an
  EXPRESSION
• All manifestations of the same expression are
  linked back to that expression
• There is a sibling relationship between the
  various manifestations of the expression

31
Manifestations (cont.)

• ex. Work J.S. Bachs Goldberg variations
• expression performances by Glen Gould
  recorded in 1981
• manifestation recording released on 33
  1/3rpm sound disc in 1982 by CBS records
• manifestation recording re-released on
  compact disc in 1993 by Sony

32
Items

• an ITEM is a single exemplar of a manifestation
• All copies (items) of the same manifestation are
  linked to that manifestation
• There is a sibling relationship between the
  various copies of a manifestation

33
Items (cont.)

• ex. Work J.S. Bachs Goldberg variations
• expression performances by Glen Gould
  recorded in 1981
• manifestation recording released on 33
  1/3rpm sound disc in 1982 by CBS records
• item held by the Royal Library
• item held by the New York Public
  Library

34
RELATIONSHIPS TO PERSONS AND CORPORATE BODIES

• Linked to the first group by 4 relationship
  types
• - created by
• - realized by
• - produced by
• -owned by

35
Created by

• Links a work to a person or corporate body
  responsible for the creation of the intellectual
  or artistic content of the work
• All works by a partical person or a corporate
  body are linked to that person or corporate body

36
Created by (cont.)

• Ex. Person Edmund Spenser
• work 1 The shepheardes calender
• work 2 The faerie queen
• work 3 Astrophel

37
Realized by

• A person or corporate body responsible for the
  expression of the work is responsible for the
  specifics of the intellectuel or artistic
  realization or execution of the expression
• All expressions realized by a person or a
  corporate body are linked to that person or
  corporate body

38
Realized by (cont.)

• Ex. Corporate body The Tallis scholars
• expression 1 Performance of Allegris
  Miserere
• expression 2 Performance of Josquins
  Misse pange lingua

39
Produced by

• A person or corporate body responsible for the
  publishing or manufacturing of the manifestation
• All manifestattions realized by a person or a
  corporate body are linked to that person or
  corporate body

40
Owned by

• Person or corporate body that is the owner or
  custodian of the item

41
SUBJECT RELATIONSHIPS

• A work may be about a concept, an object, an
  event or a place
• A work may be about a person or a corporate body
• A work may be about an expression, a
  manifestation, an item or another work

42
(No Transcript)