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Chinese and Mexican Revolutions

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400 million people in 1900 (largest of any nation of the time) Environmental Disasters ... proposed social programs such as: State run education, end of debt peonage, ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Chinese and Mexican Revolutions


1
Chinese and Mexican Revolutions
  • By Justin Livingston and Brittany House

2
Chinese Revolution
3
Background
  • Growing Population
  • 400 million people in 1900 (largest of any nation
    of the time)
  • Environmental Disasters
  • Yellow River flooded 17 times in 1913-1938

4
Political Causes
  • Society was divided into many groups
  • Outside world had great impact on Chinese
    Politics
  • Shanghai- commercial center
  • Ridden with prostitutes, opium addicts,
    gangsters, and rich foreigners
  • After war with Japan, Chinese government equipped
    army with modern weapons
  • Led to creation of local armies and warlords
  • People lived in fear of bandits and tax
    collectors

5
Social and Economic Causes
  • Population growth and poverty - Long years of
    peace in the early and mid Qing period
    contributed to a quick rise in China's
    population.
  • cultivable land was limited in amount and was
    concentrated in powerful landlords
  • the people were forbidden by law to move to
    Manchuria and other places outside China
  • there was no large industrial development to
    raise the standard of living in society
  • Poor Economic Conditions of the Government

6
Religious Causes
  • Youth attended Christian mission schools

7
Major Players
  • Empress Dowager Cixi- seized power and encouraged
    a secret society (Boxers) to expel all foreigners
    from China
  • Sun Yat-sen- took over when Cixi died
  • Led Revolutionary alliance
  • Mixture of nationalism, socialism, and
    Confucianism
  • Yuan Shikai- local general who refused to defend
    the Qing
  • Created Guomindang (National Peoples Party)

8
Short Term Results
  • Japan seized German enclaves in China. (Paris
    Peace Conference)
  • Warlords frightened off trade and investment in
    railroads, industry, and agricultural
    improvement.

9
Long Term Results
  • Sun returned in the early 1920s and implemented
    Lenins revolutionary tactics.
  • Chiang Kaishek led Chinese communist party.
  • Aimed to build railroads, develop agriculture and
    industry, and modernize China.
  • All money ended up going to the military

10
Mexican Revolution
11
The Mexican RevolutionBackground
  • Mexican Independence- 1821
  • 20th century- Mexico divided into rich and poor
    and among persons of Spanish, Indian, and mixed
    ancestry.
  • After independence in 1821, wealthy Mexican
    families and American companies used bribery and
    force to acquire millions of acres of good
    agricultural land from villages in southern
    Mexico.
  • In 1910 the government seemed in control and no
    one expected a revolution.

12
Major Players of the Mexican Revolution
  • General Porfirio Diaz (1830-1915)- ruled Mexico
    under the motto Liberty, Order, Progress.
  • He discriminated against the nonwhite majority of
    the Mexicans.
  • Emiliano Zapata-An Indian farmer who led a revolt
    against the haciendas.
  • Francisco Pancho Villa-Organized an army to
    take land from the haciendas to create family
    ranches.
  • Lazaro Cardenas-chosen by the Calles to be
    president in 1934.(Mexican Revolutionary Party)

13
Political Causes of the Mexican Revolution
  • Many political parties tried to lead the Mexican
    Revolution, each representing a different segment
    of Mexican society.
  • Middle class was angered by Mexican society and
    foreign intervention.
  • Civil War

14
Social and Economic Causes of the Mexican
Revolution
  • Deep chasm between rich and poor.
  • Less than 1 of the percent of the population
    owned 85 of the land.
  • Hacienda large estates
  • Constitutionalists proposed social programs such
    as State run education, end of debt peonage,
    restrictions on foreign ownership of property,
    law of specifying minimum wages and maximum hours
  • Reforms too costly to implement right away.

15
Treatment of Women
  • Emiliano Zapata allowed women to participate in
    his revolt.

16
Short Term Results
  • Political system free of dictatorships
  • Wealth became more spread out
  • Catholic church relinquished control of education
  • The nationalization of oil
  • More of the population was able to participate in
    politics.

17
Long Term Results
  • Reforms fell short of original ideas, but laid
    foundation for industrialization of Mexico.
  • Long delayed reforms
  • Free education
  • Higher wages
  • More security for workers
  • Redistribution of land to peasants

18
Similarities
  • After the war, both had goals of
    industrialization and modernization.
  • Each conformed to outside influences.
  • Both nations militaries were broken up according
    to territorial location.

19
Differences
  • The Mexican Revolution evoked a greater affect on
    the women than the Chinese Revolution did.
  • Mexican reforms were more effective than the
    Chinese.
  • There was one Chinese Party as opposed to many
    Mexican.

20
Works Cited
  • Bulliett, Crossley, Headrick, et al. The Earth
    and Its Peoples A Global History. Second
    Edition. Houghton Mifflin Company, 2001.
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